An Up-to-Date Review on the Remediation of Dyes and Phenolic Compounds from Wastewaters Using Enzymes Immobilized on Emerging and Nanostructured Materials: Promises and Challenges
Addressing the critical issue of water pollution, this review article emphasizes the need to remove hazardous dyes and phenolic compounds from wastewater. These pollutants pose severe risks due to their toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic properties. The study explores various techniques for the reme...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/15/2152 |
| _version_ | 1797586264617123840 |
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| author | Mohammed K. Al-Sakkaf Ibrahim Basfer Mustapha Iddrisu Salem A. Bahadi Mustafa S. Nasser Basim Abussaud Qasem A. Drmosh Sagheer A. Onaizi |
| author_facet | Mohammed K. Al-Sakkaf Ibrahim Basfer Mustapha Iddrisu Salem A. Bahadi Mustafa S. Nasser Basim Abussaud Qasem A. Drmosh Sagheer A. Onaizi |
| author_sort | Mohammed K. Al-Sakkaf |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Addressing the critical issue of water pollution, this review article emphasizes the need to remove hazardous dyes and phenolic compounds from wastewater. These pollutants pose severe risks due to their toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic properties. The study explores various techniques for the remediation of organic contaminants from wastewater, including an enzymatic approach. A significant challenge in enzymatic wastewater treatment is the loss of enzyme activity and difficulty in recovery post-treatment. To mitigate these issues, this review examines the strategy of immobilizing enzymes on newly developed nanostructured materials like graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). These materials offer high surface areas, excellent porosity, and ample anchoring sites for effective enzyme immobilization. The review evaluates recent research on enzyme immobilization on these supports and their applications in biocatalytic nanoparticles. It also analyzes the impact of operational factors (e.g., time, pH, and temperature) on dye and phenolic compound removal from wastewater using these enzymes. Despite promising outcomes, this review acknowledges the challenges for large-scale implementation and offers recommendations for future research to tackle these obstacles. This review concludes by suggesting that enzyme immobilization on these emerging materials could present a sustainable, environmentally friendly solution to the escalating water pollution crisis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:20:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ca9abde41ab247a790c681023bee54fb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:20:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-ca9abde41ab247a790c681023bee54fb2023-11-18T23:20:49ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912023-07-011315215210.3390/nano13152152An Up-to-Date Review on the Remediation of Dyes and Phenolic Compounds from Wastewaters Using Enzymes Immobilized on Emerging and Nanostructured Materials: Promises and ChallengesMohammed K. Al-Sakkaf0Ibrahim Basfer1Mustapha Iddrisu2Salem A. Bahadi3Mustafa S. Nasser4Basim Abussaud5Qasem A. Drmosh6Sagheer A. Onaizi7Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi ArabiaGas Processing Center, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, QatarDepartment of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi ArabiaAddressing the critical issue of water pollution, this review article emphasizes the need to remove hazardous dyes and phenolic compounds from wastewater. These pollutants pose severe risks due to their toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic properties. The study explores various techniques for the remediation of organic contaminants from wastewater, including an enzymatic approach. A significant challenge in enzymatic wastewater treatment is the loss of enzyme activity and difficulty in recovery post-treatment. To mitigate these issues, this review examines the strategy of immobilizing enzymes on newly developed nanostructured materials like graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). These materials offer high surface areas, excellent porosity, and ample anchoring sites for effective enzyme immobilization. The review evaluates recent research on enzyme immobilization on these supports and their applications in biocatalytic nanoparticles. It also analyzes the impact of operational factors (e.g., time, pH, and temperature) on dye and phenolic compound removal from wastewater using these enzymes. Despite promising outcomes, this review acknowledges the challenges for large-scale implementation and offers recommendations for future research to tackle these obstacles. This review concludes by suggesting that enzyme immobilization on these emerging materials could present a sustainable, environmentally friendly solution to the escalating water pollution crisis.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/15/2152enzyme immobilizationgraphenecarbon nanotubes (CNTs)metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)wastewater treatmentdye and phenolic compound remediation |
| spellingShingle | Mohammed K. Al-Sakkaf Ibrahim Basfer Mustapha Iddrisu Salem A. Bahadi Mustafa S. Nasser Basim Abussaud Qasem A. Drmosh Sagheer A. Onaizi An Up-to-Date Review on the Remediation of Dyes and Phenolic Compounds from Wastewaters Using Enzymes Immobilized on Emerging and Nanostructured Materials: Promises and Challenges Nanomaterials enzyme immobilization graphene carbon nanotubes (CNTs) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) wastewater treatment dye and phenolic compound remediation |
| title | An Up-to-Date Review on the Remediation of Dyes and Phenolic Compounds from Wastewaters Using Enzymes Immobilized on Emerging and Nanostructured Materials: Promises and Challenges |
| title_full | An Up-to-Date Review on the Remediation of Dyes and Phenolic Compounds from Wastewaters Using Enzymes Immobilized on Emerging and Nanostructured Materials: Promises and Challenges |
| title_fullStr | An Up-to-Date Review on the Remediation of Dyes and Phenolic Compounds from Wastewaters Using Enzymes Immobilized on Emerging and Nanostructured Materials: Promises and Challenges |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Up-to-Date Review on the Remediation of Dyes and Phenolic Compounds from Wastewaters Using Enzymes Immobilized on Emerging and Nanostructured Materials: Promises and Challenges |
| title_short | An Up-to-Date Review on the Remediation of Dyes and Phenolic Compounds from Wastewaters Using Enzymes Immobilized on Emerging and Nanostructured Materials: Promises and Challenges |
| title_sort | up to date review on the remediation of dyes and phenolic compounds from wastewaters using enzymes immobilized on emerging and nanostructured materials promises and challenges |
| topic | enzyme immobilization graphene carbon nanotubes (CNTs) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) wastewater treatment dye and phenolic compound remediation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/13/15/2152 |
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