A Novel Approach to Improve the Adaptive-Data-Rate Scheme for IoT LoRaWAN
The long-range wide-area network (LoRaWAN) uses the adaptive-data-rate (ADR) algorithm to control the data rate and transmission power. The LoRaWAN ADR algorithm adjusts the spreading factor (SF) to allocate the appropriate transmission rate and transmission power to reduce power consumption.The upd...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Electronics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/11/21/3521 |
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| author | Yousef A. Al-Gumaei Nauman Aslam Mohammad Aljaidi Ahmed Al-Saman Ayoub Alsarhan Adel Y. Ashyap |
| author_facet | Yousef A. Al-Gumaei Nauman Aslam Mohammad Aljaidi Ahmed Al-Saman Ayoub Alsarhan Adel Y. Ashyap |
| author_sort | Yousef A. Al-Gumaei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The long-range wide-area network (LoRaWAN) uses the adaptive-data-rate (ADR) algorithm to control the data rate and transmission power. The LoRaWAN ADR algorithm adjusts the spreading factor (SF) to allocate the appropriate transmission rate and transmission power to reduce power consumption.The updating SF and transmission power of the standard ADR algorithm are based on the channel state, but it does not guarantee efficient energy consumption among all the nodes in complex environments with high-varying channel conditions. Therefore, this article proposes a new enhancement approach to the ADR+ algorithm at the network server, which only depends on the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The enhancement ADR algorithm ADR++ introduces an energy-efficiency controller <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>α</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> related to the total energy consumption of all nodes, to use it for adjusting the average SNR of the last records. We implement our new enhanced ADR at the network server (NS) using the FLoRa module in OMNET++. The simulation results demonstrate that our proposed ADR++ algorithm leads to a significant improvement in terms of the network delivery ratio and energy efficiency that reduces the network energy consumption up to 17.5% and improves the packet success rate up to 31.55% over the existing ADR+ algorithm. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:08:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ca9bf0827c814c4bbde74e6ed02b38e9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:08:46Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Electronics |
| spelling | doaj.art-ca9bf0827c814c4bbde74e6ed02b38e92023-11-24T04:25:15ZengMDPI AGElectronics2079-92922022-10-011121352110.3390/electronics11213521A Novel Approach to Improve the Adaptive-Data-Rate Scheme for IoT LoRaWANYousef A. Al-Gumaei0Nauman Aslam1Mohammad Aljaidi2Ahmed Al-Saman3Ayoub Alsarhan4Adel Y. Ashyap5Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UKDepartment of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UKDepartment of Computer Science, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, JordanDepartment of Manufacturing and Civil Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2815 Gjøvik, NorwayDepartment of Information Technology, Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, JordanDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Batu Pahat 86400, MalaysiaThe long-range wide-area network (LoRaWAN) uses the adaptive-data-rate (ADR) algorithm to control the data rate and transmission power. The LoRaWAN ADR algorithm adjusts the spreading factor (SF) to allocate the appropriate transmission rate and transmission power to reduce power consumption.The updating SF and transmission power of the standard ADR algorithm are based on the channel state, but it does not guarantee efficient energy consumption among all the nodes in complex environments with high-varying channel conditions. Therefore, this article proposes a new enhancement approach to the ADR+ algorithm at the network server, which only depends on the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The enhancement ADR algorithm ADR++ introduces an energy-efficiency controller <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>α</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> related to the total energy consumption of all nodes, to use it for adjusting the average SNR of the last records. We implement our new enhanced ADR at the network server (NS) using the FLoRa module in OMNET++. The simulation results demonstrate that our proposed ADR++ algorithm leads to a significant improvement in terms of the network delivery ratio and energy efficiency that reduces the network energy consumption up to 17.5% and improves the packet success rate up to 31.55% over the existing ADR+ algorithm.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/11/21/3521LoRaWANenergy efficiencyadaptive data rateSNR |
| spellingShingle | Yousef A. Al-Gumaei Nauman Aslam Mohammad Aljaidi Ahmed Al-Saman Ayoub Alsarhan Adel Y. Ashyap A Novel Approach to Improve the Adaptive-Data-Rate Scheme for IoT LoRaWAN Electronics LoRaWAN energy efficiency adaptive data rate SNR |
| title | A Novel Approach to Improve the Adaptive-Data-Rate Scheme for IoT LoRaWAN |
| title_full | A Novel Approach to Improve the Adaptive-Data-Rate Scheme for IoT LoRaWAN |
| title_fullStr | A Novel Approach to Improve the Adaptive-Data-Rate Scheme for IoT LoRaWAN |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Novel Approach to Improve the Adaptive-Data-Rate Scheme for IoT LoRaWAN |
| title_short | A Novel Approach to Improve the Adaptive-Data-Rate Scheme for IoT LoRaWAN |
| title_sort | novel approach to improve the adaptive data rate scheme for iot lorawan |
| topic | LoRaWAN energy efficiency adaptive data rate SNR |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/11/21/3521 |
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