Isolation and Characterization of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in <i>Enteromorpha prolifera</i> Lipids and Their Preventive Effects on Ulcerative Colitis in C57BL/6J Mice
<i>Enteromorpha prolifera</i> (EP) is a green alga that causes green bloom worldwide. This study aimed to isolate and identify n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from EP oil obtained via supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and to explore its preventive effects against dextran sodiu...
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/1/46 |
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| author | Haichao Wen Pooi Mun Leong Xincen Wang Duo Li |
| author_facet | Haichao Wen Pooi Mun Leong Xincen Wang Duo Li |
| author_sort | Haichao Wen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Enteromorpha prolifera</i> (EP) is a green alga that causes green bloom worldwide. This study aimed to isolate and identify n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from EP oil obtained via supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and to explore its preventive effects against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in C57BL/6J mice. In EP oil, we found the novel n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid C16:4n-3 and two unusual fatty acids C18:4n-3 and C16:3n-3, using GC-MS. The administration of EP oil reduced histopathological of symptoms colitis and the shortening of the colon length. Pro-inflammatory cytokines of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum of EP oil treatment were lower than DSS treatment (by 37.63% and 83.52%), and <i>IL-6</i> gene expression in the colon was lower in than DSS group by 48.28%, and IL-10 in serum was higher than DSS group by 2.88-fold. Furthermore, the protein expression of p-STAT3 by the EP oil treatment was significantly reduced compared with DSS treatment group by 73.61%. Lipidomics study suggested that phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were positively associated with the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, while cholesteryl ester and sphingomyelin were negatively related to inflammation cytokines in the EP oil group. The present results indicated that EP oil rich in n-3 PUFA contains a novel fatty acid C16:4n-3, as well as two uncommon fatty acids C18:4n-3 and C16:3n-3. EP oil could prevent DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by regulating the JAK/STAT pathway and lipid metabolism. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:07:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-caa6b72deed34466aeb0ae6a8c9b3790 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:07:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
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| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-caa6b72deed34466aeb0ae6a8c9b37902024-01-10T14:56:42ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582023-12-011314610.3390/foods13010046Isolation and Characterization of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in <i>Enteromorpha prolifera</i> Lipids and Their Preventive Effects on Ulcerative Colitis in C57BL/6J MiceHaichao Wen0Pooi Mun Leong1Xincen Wang2Duo Li3Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, ChinaInstitute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, ChinaInstitute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China<i>Enteromorpha prolifera</i> (EP) is a green alga that causes green bloom worldwide. This study aimed to isolate and identify n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from EP oil obtained via supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and to explore its preventive effects against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in C57BL/6J mice. In EP oil, we found the novel n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid C16:4n-3 and two unusual fatty acids C18:4n-3 and C16:3n-3, using GC-MS. The administration of EP oil reduced histopathological of symptoms colitis and the shortening of the colon length. Pro-inflammatory cytokines of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum of EP oil treatment were lower than DSS treatment (by 37.63% and 83.52%), and <i>IL-6</i> gene expression in the colon was lower in than DSS group by 48.28%, and IL-10 in serum was higher than DSS group by 2.88-fold. Furthermore, the protein expression of p-STAT3 by the EP oil treatment was significantly reduced compared with DSS treatment group by 73.61%. Lipidomics study suggested that phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were positively associated with the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, while cholesteryl ester and sphingomyelin were negatively related to inflammation cytokines in the EP oil group. The present results indicated that EP oil rich in n-3 PUFA contains a novel fatty acid C16:4n-3, as well as two uncommon fatty acids C18:4n-3 and C16:3n-3. EP oil could prevent DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by regulating the JAK/STAT pathway and lipid metabolism.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/1/46<i>Enteromorpha prolifera</i>n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acidinflammationulcerative colitisC16:4n-3C18:4n-3 |
| spellingShingle | Haichao Wen Pooi Mun Leong Xincen Wang Duo Li Isolation and Characterization of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in <i>Enteromorpha prolifera</i> Lipids and Their Preventive Effects on Ulcerative Colitis in C57BL/6J Mice Foods <i>Enteromorpha prolifera</i> n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid inflammation ulcerative colitis C16:4n-3 C18:4n-3 |
| title | Isolation and Characterization of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in <i>Enteromorpha prolifera</i> Lipids and Their Preventive Effects on Ulcerative Colitis in C57BL/6J Mice |
| title_full | Isolation and Characterization of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in <i>Enteromorpha prolifera</i> Lipids and Their Preventive Effects on Ulcerative Colitis in C57BL/6J Mice |
| title_fullStr | Isolation and Characterization of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in <i>Enteromorpha prolifera</i> Lipids and Their Preventive Effects on Ulcerative Colitis in C57BL/6J Mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Isolation and Characterization of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in <i>Enteromorpha prolifera</i> Lipids and Their Preventive Effects on Ulcerative Colitis in C57BL/6J Mice |
| title_short | Isolation and Characterization of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in <i>Enteromorpha prolifera</i> Lipids and Their Preventive Effects on Ulcerative Colitis in C57BL/6J Mice |
| title_sort | isolation and characterization of n 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in i enteromorpha prolifera i lipids and their preventive effects on ulcerative colitis in c57bl 6j mice |
| topic | <i>Enteromorpha prolifera</i> n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid inflammation ulcerative colitis C16:4n-3 C18:4n-3 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/1/46 |
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