Development and Characterization of Pectin Films with <i>Salicornia ramosissima</i>: Biodegradation in Soil and Seawater
Pectin films were developed by incorporating a halophyte plant <i>Salicornia ramosissima</i> (dry powder from stem parts) to modify the film’s properties. The films’ physicomechanical properties, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and microstructure, as well as their biodegr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/16/2632 |
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| author | Daniela G. M. Pereira Jorge M. Vieira António A. Vicente Rui M. S. Cruz |
| author_facet | Daniela G. M. Pereira Jorge M. Vieira António A. Vicente Rui M. S. Cruz |
| author_sort | Daniela G. M. Pereira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pectin films were developed by incorporating a halophyte plant <i>Salicornia ramosissima</i> (dry powder from stem parts) to modify the film’s properties. The films’ physicomechanical properties, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and microstructure, as well as their biodegradation capacity in soil and seawater, were evaluated. The inclusion of <i>S. ramosissima</i> significantly increased the thickness (0.25 ± 0.01 mm; control 0.18 ± 0.01 mm), color parameters a* (4.96 ± 0.30; control 3.29 ± 0.16) and b* (28.62 ± 0.51; control 12.74 ± 0.75), water vapor permeability (1.62 × 10<sup>−9</sup> ± 1.09 × 10<sup>−10</sup> (g/m·s·Pa); control 1.24 × 10<sup>−9</sup> ± 6.58 × 10<sup>−11</sup> (g/m·s·Pa)), water solubility (50.50 ± 5.00%; control 11.56 ± 5.56%), and elongation at break (5.89 ± 0.29%; control 3.91 ± 0.62%). On the other hand, L* (48.84 ± 1.60), tensile strength (0.13 ± 0.02 MPa), and Young’s modulus (0.01 ± 0 MPa) presented lower values compared with the control (L* 81.20 ± 1.60; 4.19 ± 0.82 MPa; 0.93 ± 0.12 MPa), while the moisture content varied between 30% and 45%, for the film with <i>S. ramosissima</i> and the control film, respectively. The addition of <i>S. ramosissima</i> led to opaque films with relatively heterogeneous microstructures. The films showed also good biodegradation capacity—after 21 days in soil (around 90%), and after 30 days in seawater (fully fragmented). These results show that pectin films with <i>S. ramosissima</i> may have great potential to be used in the future as an eco-friendly food packaging material. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:27:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cab5c9af7da942e4882e0c63c20fb552 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:27:42Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-cab5c9af7da942e4882e0c63c20fb5522023-11-22T09:21:58ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-08-011316263210.3390/polym13162632Development and Characterization of Pectin Films with <i>Salicornia ramosissima</i>: Biodegradation in Soil and SeawaterDaniela G. M. Pereira0Jorge M. Vieira1António A. Vicente2Rui M. S. Cruz3Department of Food Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Campus da Penha, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, PortugalCEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, PortugalCEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, PortugalDepartment of Food Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Campus da Penha, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, PortugalPectin films were developed by incorporating a halophyte plant <i>Salicornia ramosissima</i> (dry powder from stem parts) to modify the film’s properties. The films’ physicomechanical properties, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and microstructure, as well as their biodegradation capacity in soil and seawater, were evaluated. The inclusion of <i>S. ramosissima</i> significantly increased the thickness (0.25 ± 0.01 mm; control 0.18 ± 0.01 mm), color parameters a* (4.96 ± 0.30; control 3.29 ± 0.16) and b* (28.62 ± 0.51; control 12.74 ± 0.75), water vapor permeability (1.62 × 10<sup>−9</sup> ± 1.09 × 10<sup>−10</sup> (g/m·s·Pa); control 1.24 × 10<sup>−9</sup> ± 6.58 × 10<sup>−11</sup> (g/m·s·Pa)), water solubility (50.50 ± 5.00%; control 11.56 ± 5.56%), and elongation at break (5.89 ± 0.29%; control 3.91 ± 0.62%). On the other hand, L* (48.84 ± 1.60), tensile strength (0.13 ± 0.02 MPa), and Young’s modulus (0.01 ± 0 MPa) presented lower values compared with the control (L* 81.20 ± 1.60; 4.19 ± 0.82 MPa; 0.93 ± 0.12 MPa), while the moisture content varied between 30% and 45%, for the film with <i>S. ramosissima</i> and the control film, respectively. The addition of <i>S. ramosissima</i> led to opaque films with relatively heterogeneous microstructures. The films showed also good biodegradation capacity—after 21 days in soil (around 90%), and after 30 days in seawater (fully fragmented). These results show that pectin films with <i>S. ramosissima</i> may have great potential to be used in the future as an eco-friendly food packaging material.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/16/2632biobased materialsbiodegradablefood packagingpectin filmphysicomechanical<i>Salicornia ramosissima</i> |
| spellingShingle | Daniela G. M. Pereira Jorge M. Vieira António A. Vicente Rui M. S. Cruz Development and Characterization of Pectin Films with <i>Salicornia ramosissima</i>: Biodegradation in Soil and Seawater Polymers biobased materials biodegradable food packaging pectin film physicomechanical <i>Salicornia ramosissima</i> |
| title | Development and Characterization of Pectin Films with <i>Salicornia ramosissima</i>: Biodegradation in Soil and Seawater |
| title_full | Development and Characterization of Pectin Films with <i>Salicornia ramosissima</i>: Biodegradation in Soil and Seawater |
| title_fullStr | Development and Characterization of Pectin Films with <i>Salicornia ramosissima</i>: Biodegradation in Soil and Seawater |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development and Characterization of Pectin Films with <i>Salicornia ramosissima</i>: Biodegradation in Soil and Seawater |
| title_short | Development and Characterization of Pectin Films with <i>Salicornia ramosissima</i>: Biodegradation in Soil and Seawater |
| title_sort | development and characterization of pectin films with i salicornia ramosissima i biodegradation in soil and seawater |
| topic | biobased materials biodegradable food packaging pectin film physicomechanical <i>Salicornia ramosissima</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/16/2632 |
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