VO2max prediction based on submaximal cardiorespiratory relationships and body composition in male runners and cyclists: a population study
Background: Oxygen uptake (VO2) is one of the most important measures of fitness and critical vital sign. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a valuable method of assessing fitness in sport and clinical settings. There is a lack of large studies on athletic populations to predict VO2max using...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
2023-05-01
|
| Series: | eLife |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://elifesciences.org/articles/86291 |
| _version_ | 1797823591175159808 |
|---|---|
| author | Szczepan Wiecha Przemysław Seweryn Kasiak Piotr Szwed Tomasz Kowalski Igor Cieśliński Marek Postuła Andrzej Klusiewicz |
| author_facet | Szczepan Wiecha Przemysław Seweryn Kasiak Piotr Szwed Tomasz Kowalski Igor Cieśliński Marek Postuła Andrzej Klusiewicz |
| author_sort | Szczepan Wiecha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Oxygen uptake (VO2) is one of the most important measures of fitness and critical vital sign. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a valuable method of assessing fitness in sport and clinical settings. There is a lack of large studies on athletic populations to predict VO2max using somatic or submaximal CPET variables. Thus, this study aimed to: (1) derive prediction models for maximal VO2 (VO2max) based on submaximal exercise variables at anaerobic threshold (AT) or respiratory compensation point (RCP) or only somatic and (2) internally validate provided equations.
Methods: Four thousand four hundred twenty-four male endurance athletes (EA) underwent maximal symptom-limited CPET on a treadmill (n=3330) or cycle ergometer (n=1094). The cohort was randomly divided between: variables selection (nrunners = 1998; ncyclist = 656), model building (nrunners = 666; ncyclist = 219), and validation (nrunners = 666; ncyclist = 219). Random forest was used to select the most significant variables. Models were derived and internally validated with multiple linear regression.
Results: Runners were 36.24±8.45 years; BMI = 23.94 ± 2.43 kg·m−2; VO2max=53.81±6.67 mL·min−1·kg−1. Cyclists were 37.33±9.13 years; BMI = 24.34 ± 2.63 kg·m−2; VO2max=51.74±7.99 mL·min−1·kg−1. VO2 at AT and RCP were the most contributing variables to exercise equations. Body mass and body fat had the highest impact on the somatic equation. Model performance for VO2max based on variables at AT was R2=0.81, at RCP was R2=0.91, at AT and RCP was R2=0.91 and for somatic-only was R2=0.43.
Conclusions: Derived prediction models were highly accurate and fairly replicable. Formulae allow for precise estimation of VO2max based on submaximal exercise performance or somatic variables. Presented models are applicable for sport and clinical settling. They are a valuable supplementary method for fitness practitioners to adjust individualised training recommendations.
Funding: No external funding was received for this work. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T10:25:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cab7d283c6d046ef888b91f538d3a6a9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2050-084X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T10:25:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | eLife Sciences Publications Ltd |
| record_format | Article |
| series | eLife |
| spelling | doaj.art-cab7d283c6d046ef888b91f538d3a6a92023-05-19T14:16:48ZengeLife Sciences Publications LtdeLife2050-084X2023-05-011210.7554/eLife.86291VO2max prediction based on submaximal cardiorespiratory relationships and body composition in male runners and cyclists: a population studySzczepan Wiecha0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9458-557XPrzemysław Seweryn Kasiak1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0303-6135Piotr Szwed2Tomasz Kowalski3Igor Cieśliński4Marek Postuła5Andrzej Klusiewicz6Department of Physical Education and Health in Biala Podlaska, Faculty in Biala Podlaska, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, PolandStudents' Scientific Group of Lifestyle Medicine, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Sport-National Research Institute, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Physical Education and Health in Biala Podlaska, Faculty in Biala Podlaska, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Physical Education and Health in Biala Podlaska, Faculty in Biala Podlaska, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, PolandBackground: Oxygen uptake (VO2) is one of the most important measures of fitness and critical vital sign. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a valuable method of assessing fitness in sport and clinical settings. There is a lack of large studies on athletic populations to predict VO2max using somatic or submaximal CPET variables. Thus, this study aimed to: (1) derive prediction models for maximal VO2 (VO2max) based on submaximal exercise variables at anaerobic threshold (AT) or respiratory compensation point (RCP) or only somatic and (2) internally validate provided equations. Methods: Four thousand four hundred twenty-four male endurance athletes (EA) underwent maximal symptom-limited CPET on a treadmill (n=3330) or cycle ergometer (n=1094). The cohort was randomly divided between: variables selection (nrunners = 1998; ncyclist = 656), model building (nrunners = 666; ncyclist = 219), and validation (nrunners = 666; ncyclist = 219). Random forest was used to select the most significant variables. Models were derived and internally validated with multiple linear regression. Results: Runners were 36.24±8.45 years; BMI = 23.94 ± 2.43 kg·m−2; VO2max=53.81±6.67 mL·min−1·kg−1. Cyclists were 37.33±9.13 years; BMI = 24.34 ± 2.63 kg·m−2; VO2max=51.74±7.99 mL·min−1·kg−1. VO2 at AT and RCP were the most contributing variables to exercise equations. Body mass and body fat had the highest impact on the somatic equation. Model performance for VO2max based on variables at AT was R2=0.81, at RCP was R2=0.91, at AT and RCP was R2=0.91 and for somatic-only was R2=0.43. Conclusions: Derived prediction models were highly accurate and fairly replicable. Formulae allow for precise estimation of VO2max based on submaximal exercise performance or somatic variables. Presented models are applicable for sport and clinical settling. They are a valuable supplementary method for fitness practitioners to adjust individualised training recommendations. Funding: No external funding was received for this work.https://elifesciences.org/articles/86291VO2maxpredictionthresholdathletesbody compositioncardiopulmonary |
| spellingShingle | Szczepan Wiecha Przemysław Seweryn Kasiak Piotr Szwed Tomasz Kowalski Igor Cieśliński Marek Postuła Andrzej Klusiewicz VO2max prediction based on submaximal cardiorespiratory relationships and body composition in male runners and cyclists: a population study eLife VO2max prediction threshold athletes body composition cardiopulmonary |
| title | VO2max prediction based on submaximal cardiorespiratory relationships and body composition in male runners and cyclists: a population study |
| title_full | VO2max prediction based on submaximal cardiorespiratory relationships and body composition in male runners and cyclists: a population study |
| title_fullStr | VO2max prediction based on submaximal cardiorespiratory relationships and body composition in male runners and cyclists: a population study |
| title_full_unstemmed | VO2max prediction based on submaximal cardiorespiratory relationships and body composition in male runners and cyclists: a population study |
| title_short | VO2max prediction based on submaximal cardiorespiratory relationships and body composition in male runners and cyclists: a population study |
| title_sort | vo2max prediction based on submaximal cardiorespiratory relationships and body composition in male runners and cyclists a population study |
| topic | VO2max prediction threshold athletes body composition cardiopulmonary |
| url | https://elifesciences.org/articles/86291 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT szczepanwiecha vo2maxpredictionbasedonsubmaximalcardiorespiratoryrelationshipsandbodycompositioninmalerunnersandcyclistsapopulationstudy AT przemysławsewerynkasiak vo2maxpredictionbasedonsubmaximalcardiorespiratoryrelationshipsandbodycompositioninmalerunnersandcyclistsapopulationstudy AT piotrszwed vo2maxpredictionbasedonsubmaximalcardiorespiratoryrelationshipsandbodycompositioninmalerunnersandcyclistsapopulationstudy AT tomaszkowalski vo2maxpredictionbasedonsubmaximalcardiorespiratoryrelationshipsandbodycompositioninmalerunnersandcyclistsapopulationstudy AT igorcieslinski vo2maxpredictionbasedonsubmaximalcardiorespiratoryrelationshipsandbodycompositioninmalerunnersandcyclistsapopulationstudy AT marekpostuła vo2maxpredictionbasedonsubmaximalcardiorespiratoryrelationshipsandbodycompositioninmalerunnersandcyclistsapopulationstudy AT andrzejklusiewicz vo2maxpredictionbasedonsubmaximalcardiorespiratoryrelationshipsandbodycompositioninmalerunnersandcyclistsapopulationstudy |