| Summary: | A cyanobacterial strain (ZJJ01), morphologically identified as a <i>Leptolyngbya</i>-like species was isolated from a freshwater pond in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, China, and it was characterized through a polyphasic study based on morphological, ecological, and molecular data. Morphologically, the strain fits the description of <i>Leptolyngbya</i> well, but under further examination, it formed a distinctive structure, namely nodules, which confirmed that it belonged to the genus of <i>Nodosilinea</i>. The 16S rRNA gene threshold value and 16S rRNA phylogenetic analyses clearly confirmed that the studied strain belongs to the genus <i>Nodosilinea</i> but that it is phylogenetically distinct from the 10 other species of <i>Nodosilinea</i>. Furthermore, The D1–D1’ and Box–B helix of the 16S–23S ITS region of the strain ZJJ01 were also different from those of previously described <i>Nodosilinea</i> species. On the basis of this polyphasic approach, here, we provide a description of the new taxon: <i>Nodosilinea hunanesis</i> sp. nov.
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