Kinematic Analysis During Straight Line Free Swimming in Horses: Part 2 - Hindlimbs
BackgroundSwimming is used for rehabilitation and conditioning purposes in equine sports medicine. We described the swimming kinematics of the equine forelimbs in Part 1. The aim of Part 2 is to assess stifle, tarsus, and hind fetlock joints kinematics in swimming horses. The objectives were 1- to c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.761500/full |
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| author | Emma Santosuosso Renaud Leguillette Tatiana Vinardell Tatiana Vinardell Silvio Filho Shannon Massie Persephone McCrae Sarah Johnson Campbell Rolian Florent David |
| author_facet | Emma Santosuosso Renaud Leguillette Tatiana Vinardell Tatiana Vinardell Silvio Filho Shannon Massie Persephone McCrae Sarah Johnson Campbell Rolian Florent David |
| author_sort | Emma Santosuosso |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundSwimming is used for rehabilitation and conditioning purposes in equine sports medicine. We described the swimming kinematics of the equine forelimbs in Part 1. The aim of Part 2 is to assess stifle, tarsus, and hind fetlock joints kinematics in swimming horses. The objectives were 1- to calculate and compare joint angles during swimming against passive mobilizations (PM), 2- to determine joints angular velocities during a swimming stride cycle.MethodsEleven elite endurance horses were used to swim in a 100-meter straight pool. Underwater (swimming) and overground PM videos were recorded from the horses' left side. Joint markers were applied on the lateral hoof wall, lateral metatarsal epicondyle, lateral aspect of the talus, lateral femoral epicondyle, and great trochanter of the femur. As a reference, maximal fetlock, tarsus, and stifle flexion/extension angles were determined during PM overground. Differences between angle extrema, angular velocities, and range of motion (ROM) were statistically compared.ResultsThe tarsus ROM was similar during PM and swimming. The stifle and fetlock ROM were greater during PM, although the stifle flexion was greater during swimming. The stifle and tarsus had the greatest hindlimb angular velocity during the swimming cycle. Greater angular velocities were observed during the retraction phase for all the hindlimb joints.ConclusionA short retraction phase with great angular velocity for the joints of interest characterized the swimming pattern observed. Swimming may be beneficial in horses when an increased ROM of the tarsus and stifle or a reduced fetlock extension is indicated for rehabilitation purposes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:07:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cad02f71ca7a4914b5bb195cd874ffcc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:07:58Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-cad02f71ca7a4914b5bb195cd874ffcc2022-12-22T04:10:16ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692022-01-01810.3389/fvets.2021.761500761500Kinematic Analysis During Straight Line Free Swimming in Horses: Part 2 - HindlimbsEmma Santosuosso0Renaud Leguillette1Tatiana Vinardell2Tatiana Vinardell3Silvio Filho4Shannon Massie5Persephone McCrae6Sarah Johnson7Campbell Rolian8Florent David9Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CanadaFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CanadaEquine Veterinary Medical Center, Member of Qatar Foundation, Doha, QatarCollege of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Member of Qatar Foundation, Doha, QatarAl Shaqab's Endurance Department, Member of Qatar Foundation, Doha, QatarFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CanadaFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CanadaEquine Veterinary Medical Center, Member of Qatar Foundation, Doha, QatarFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CanadaEquine Veterinary Medical Center, Member of Qatar Foundation, Doha, QatarBackgroundSwimming is used for rehabilitation and conditioning purposes in equine sports medicine. We described the swimming kinematics of the equine forelimbs in Part 1. The aim of Part 2 is to assess stifle, tarsus, and hind fetlock joints kinematics in swimming horses. The objectives were 1- to calculate and compare joint angles during swimming against passive mobilizations (PM), 2- to determine joints angular velocities during a swimming stride cycle.MethodsEleven elite endurance horses were used to swim in a 100-meter straight pool. Underwater (swimming) and overground PM videos were recorded from the horses' left side. Joint markers were applied on the lateral hoof wall, lateral metatarsal epicondyle, lateral aspect of the talus, lateral femoral epicondyle, and great trochanter of the femur. As a reference, maximal fetlock, tarsus, and stifle flexion/extension angles were determined during PM overground. Differences between angle extrema, angular velocities, and range of motion (ROM) were statistically compared.ResultsThe tarsus ROM was similar during PM and swimming. The stifle and fetlock ROM were greater during PM, although the stifle flexion was greater during swimming. The stifle and tarsus had the greatest hindlimb angular velocity during the swimming cycle. Greater angular velocities were observed during the retraction phase for all the hindlimb joints.ConclusionA short retraction phase with great angular velocity for the joints of interest characterized the swimming pattern observed. Swimming may be beneficial in horses when an increased ROM of the tarsus and stifle or a reduced fetlock extension is indicated for rehabilitation purposes.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.761500/fullswimmingkinematicsjointflexionextensionangular velocity |
| spellingShingle | Emma Santosuosso Renaud Leguillette Tatiana Vinardell Tatiana Vinardell Silvio Filho Shannon Massie Persephone McCrae Sarah Johnson Campbell Rolian Florent David Kinematic Analysis During Straight Line Free Swimming in Horses: Part 2 - Hindlimbs Frontiers in Veterinary Science swimming kinematics joint flexion extension angular velocity |
| title | Kinematic Analysis During Straight Line Free Swimming in Horses: Part 2 - Hindlimbs |
| title_full | Kinematic Analysis During Straight Line Free Swimming in Horses: Part 2 - Hindlimbs |
| title_fullStr | Kinematic Analysis During Straight Line Free Swimming in Horses: Part 2 - Hindlimbs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Kinematic Analysis During Straight Line Free Swimming in Horses: Part 2 - Hindlimbs |
| title_short | Kinematic Analysis During Straight Line Free Swimming in Horses: Part 2 - Hindlimbs |
| title_sort | kinematic analysis during straight line free swimming in horses part 2 hindlimbs |
| topic | swimming kinematics joint flexion extension angular velocity |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.761500/full |
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