Advanced Glycations End Products in the Skin as Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes
The incidence and prevalence of diabetes are increasing worldwide, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The assessment and stratification of cardiovascular risk in subjects with T2D is a challenge. Advanced glycation end products a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/11/6234 |
| _version_ | 1797493057948483584 |
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| author | Alejandra Planas Olga Simó-Servat Cristina Hernández Rafael Simó |
| author_facet | Alejandra Planas Olga Simó-Servat Cristina Hernández Rafael Simó |
| author_sort | Alejandra Planas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The incidence and prevalence of diabetes are increasing worldwide, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The assessment and stratification of cardiovascular risk in subjects with T2D is a challenge. Advanced glycation end products are heterogeneous molecules produced by non-enzymatic glycation of proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products is increased in subjects with T2D and is considered to be one of the major pathogenic mechanism in developing complications in diabetes. Skin AGEs could be assessed by skin autofluorescence. This method has been validated and related to the presence of micro and macroangiopathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes. In this context, the aim of this review is to critically summarize current knowledge and scientific evidence on the relationship between skin AGEs and CVD in subjects with type 2 diabetes, with a brief reference to other diabetes-related complications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:14:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cad313d9653d418ca1bc81112f60d16d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:14:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-cad313d9653d418ca1bc81112f60d16d2023-11-23T14:12:02ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-06-012311623410.3390/ijms23116234Advanced Glycations End Products in the Skin as Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 DiabetesAlejandra Planas0Olga Simó-Servat1Cristina Hernández2Rafael Simó3Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, SpainDiabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, SpainDiabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, SpainDiabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, SpainThe incidence and prevalence of diabetes are increasing worldwide, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The assessment and stratification of cardiovascular risk in subjects with T2D is a challenge. Advanced glycation end products are heterogeneous molecules produced by non-enzymatic glycation of proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products is increased in subjects with T2D and is considered to be one of the major pathogenic mechanism in developing complications in diabetes. Skin AGEs could be assessed by skin autofluorescence. This method has been validated and related to the presence of micro and macroangiopathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes. In this context, the aim of this review is to critically summarize current knowledge and scientific evidence on the relationship between skin AGEs and CVD in subjects with type 2 diabetes, with a brief reference to other diabetes-related complications.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/11/6234cardiovascular diseaseadvanced glycation end productsdiabetic retinopathycardiovascular disease biomarkerstype 2 diabetesdiabetic complications |
| spellingShingle | Alejandra Planas Olga Simó-Servat Cristina Hernández Rafael Simó Advanced Glycations End Products in the Skin as Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes International Journal of Molecular Sciences cardiovascular disease advanced glycation end products diabetic retinopathy cardiovascular disease biomarkers type 2 diabetes diabetic complications |
| title | Advanced Glycations End Products in the Skin as Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_full | Advanced Glycations End Products in the Skin as Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_fullStr | Advanced Glycations End Products in the Skin as Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advanced Glycations End Products in the Skin as Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_short | Advanced Glycations End Products in the Skin as Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_sort | advanced glycations end products in the skin as biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes |
| topic | cardiovascular disease advanced glycation end products diabetic retinopathy cardiovascular disease biomarkers type 2 diabetes diabetic complications |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/11/6234 |
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