Observable Metabolites and Metabolomic Sampling Protocols for Managed African Savanna Elephant (<i>Loxodonta africana</i>) Whole Blood Using H-NMR Spectroscopy
We used nuclear magnetic spectroscopy (NMR) to evaluate the metabolomics of heparinized whole blood drawn from six African savanna elephants (<i>Loxodonta africana</i>) maintained on a well characterized diet. Whole blood samples obtained under behavioral restraint, then quickly frozen i...
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/5/400 |
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| author | Jordan Wood David R. Morgan Kimberly Ange-van Heugten Maria Serrano Larry J. Minter Vivek Fellner Michael K. Stoskopf |
| author_facet | Jordan Wood David R. Morgan Kimberly Ange-van Heugten Maria Serrano Larry J. Minter Vivek Fellner Michael K. Stoskopf |
| author_sort | Jordan Wood |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We used nuclear magnetic spectroscopy (NMR) to evaluate the metabolomics of heparinized whole blood drawn from six African savanna elephants (<i>Loxodonta africana</i>) maintained on a well characterized diet. Whole blood samples obtained under behavioral restraint, then quickly frozen in liquid nitrogen, were stored at −80 °C until analysis. Frozen samples were thawed under controlled conditions and extracted with methanol and chloroform to separate the polar and non-polar metabolites. We identified 18 polar metabolites and 14 non-polar lipids using one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR spectra. Despite unexpected rouleaux formation in the thawed frozen samples, spectra were consistent among animals and did not vary dramatically with age or the sex of the animal. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:26:25Z |
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| id | doaj.art-cad943e326bf4cdda277f9fdb0de425b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:26:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-cad943e326bf4cdda277f9fdb0de425b2023-11-23T12:06:52ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892022-04-0112540010.3390/metabo12050400Observable Metabolites and Metabolomic Sampling Protocols for Managed African Savanna Elephant (<i>Loxodonta africana</i>) Whole Blood Using H-NMR SpectroscopyJordan Wood0David R. Morgan1Kimberly Ange-van Heugten2Maria Serrano3Larry J. Minter4Vivek Fellner5Michael K. Stoskopf6Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USAEnvironmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USADepartment of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USAEnvironmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USAEnvironmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USADepartment of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USAEnvironmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USAWe used nuclear magnetic spectroscopy (NMR) to evaluate the metabolomics of heparinized whole blood drawn from six African savanna elephants (<i>Loxodonta africana</i>) maintained on a well characterized diet. Whole blood samples obtained under behavioral restraint, then quickly frozen in liquid nitrogen, were stored at −80 °C until analysis. Frozen samples were thawed under controlled conditions and extracted with methanol and chloroform to separate the polar and non-polar metabolites. We identified 18 polar metabolites and 14 non-polar lipids using one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR spectra. Despite unexpected rouleaux formation in the thawed frozen samples, spectra were consistent among animals and did not vary dramatically with age or the sex of the animal.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/5/400proton-NMRmetabolomicsAfrican elephant |
| spellingShingle | Jordan Wood David R. Morgan Kimberly Ange-van Heugten Maria Serrano Larry J. Minter Vivek Fellner Michael K. Stoskopf Observable Metabolites and Metabolomic Sampling Protocols for Managed African Savanna Elephant (<i>Loxodonta africana</i>) Whole Blood Using H-NMR Spectroscopy Metabolites proton-NMR metabolomics African elephant |
| title | Observable Metabolites and Metabolomic Sampling Protocols for Managed African Savanna Elephant (<i>Loxodonta africana</i>) Whole Blood Using H-NMR Spectroscopy |
| title_full | Observable Metabolites and Metabolomic Sampling Protocols for Managed African Savanna Elephant (<i>Loxodonta africana</i>) Whole Blood Using H-NMR Spectroscopy |
| title_fullStr | Observable Metabolites and Metabolomic Sampling Protocols for Managed African Savanna Elephant (<i>Loxodonta africana</i>) Whole Blood Using H-NMR Spectroscopy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Observable Metabolites and Metabolomic Sampling Protocols for Managed African Savanna Elephant (<i>Loxodonta africana</i>) Whole Blood Using H-NMR Spectroscopy |
| title_short | Observable Metabolites and Metabolomic Sampling Protocols for Managed African Savanna Elephant (<i>Loxodonta africana</i>) Whole Blood Using H-NMR Spectroscopy |
| title_sort | observable metabolites and metabolomic sampling protocols for managed african savanna elephant i loxodonta africana i whole blood using h nmr spectroscopy |
| topic | proton-NMR metabolomics African elephant |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/12/5/400 |
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