Fabrication and microfluidic analysis of graphene-based molecular communication receiver for Internet of Nano Things (IoNT)
Abstract Bio-inspired molecular communications (MC), where molecules are used to transfer information, is the most promising technique to realise the Internet of Nano Things (IoNT), thanks to its inherent biocompatibility, energy-efficiency, and reliability in physiologically-relevant environments....
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98609-1 |
| _version_ | 1818692117026832384 |
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| author | Murat Kuscu Hamideh Ramezani Ergin Dinc Shahab Akhavan Ozgur B. Akan |
| author_facet | Murat Kuscu Hamideh Ramezani Ergin Dinc Shahab Akhavan Ozgur B. Akan |
| author_sort | Murat Kuscu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Bio-inspired molecular communications (MC), where molecules are used to transfer information, is the most promising technique to realise the Internet of Nano Things (IoNT), thanks to its inherent biocompatibility, energy-efficiency, and reliability in physiologically-relevant environments. Despite a substantial body of theoretical work concerning MC, the lack of practical micro/nanoscale MC devices and MC testbeds has led researchers to make overly simplifying assumptions about the implications of the channel conditions and the physical architectures of the practical transceivers in developing theoretical models and devising communication methods for MC. On the other hand, MC imposes unique challenges resulting from the highly complex, nonlinear, time-varying channel properties that cannot be always tackled by conventional information and communication tools and technologies (ICT). As a result, the reliability of the existing MC methods, which are mostly adopted from electromagnetic communications and not validated with practical testbeds, is highly questionable. As the first step to remove this discrepancy, in this study, we report on the fabrication of a nanoscale MC receiver based on graphene field-effect transistor biosensors. We perform its ICT characterisation in a custom-designed microfluidic MC system with the information encoded into the concentration of single-stranded DNA molecules. This experimental platform is the first practical implementation of a micro/nanoscale MC system with nanoscale MC receivers, and can serve as a testbed for developing realistic MC methods and IoNT applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T12:52:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cadaf7b73af24331aa2af32244754e84 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T12:52:41Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-cadaf7b73af24331aa2af32244754e842022-12-21T21:47:33ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222021-10-0111112010.1038/s41598-021-98609-1Fabrication and microfluidic analysis of graphene-based molecular communication receiver for Internet of Nano Things (IoNT)Murat Kuscu0Hamideh Ramezani1Ergin Dinc2Shahab Akhavan3Ozgur B. Akan4Internet of Everything (IoE) Group, Department of Engineering, University of CambridgeInternet of Everything (IoE) Group, Department of Engineering, University of CambridgeInternet of Everything (IoE) Group, Department of Engineering, University of CambridgeCambridge Graphene Centre (CGC), Department of Engineering, University of CambridgeInternet of Everything (IoE) Group, Department of Engineering, University of CambridgeAbstract Bio-inspired molecular communications (MC), where molecules are used to transfer information, is the most promising technique to realise the Internet of Nano Things (IoNT), thanks to its inherent biocompatibility, energy-efficiency, and reliability in physiologically-relevant environments. Despite a substantial body of theoretical work concerning MC, the lack of practical micro/nanoscale MC devices and MC testbeds has led researchers to make overly simplifying assumptions about the implications of the channel conditions and the physical architectures of the practical transceivers in developing theoretical models and devising communication methods for MC. On the other hand, MC imposes unique challenges resulting from the highly complex, nonlinear, time-varying channel properties that cannot be always tackled by conventional information and communication tools and technologies (ICT). As a result, the reliability of the existing MC methods, which are mostly adopted from electromagnetic communications and not validated with practical testbeds, is highly questionable. As the first step to remove this discrepancy, in this study, we report on the fabrication of a nanoscale MC receiver based on graphene field-effect transistor biosensors. We perform its ICT characterisation in a custom-designed microfluidic MC system with the information encoded into the concentration of single-stranded DNA molecules. This experimental platform is the first practical implementation of a micro/nanoscale MC system with nanoscale MC receivers, and can serve as a testbed for developing realistic MC methods and IoNT applications.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98609-1 |
| spellingShingle | Murat Kuscu Hamideh Ramezani Ergin Dinc Shahab Akhavan Ozgur B. Akan Fabrication and microfluidic analysis of graphene-based molecular communication receiver for Internet of Nano Things (IoNT) Scientific Reports |
| title | Fabrication and microfluidic analysis of graphene-based molecular communication receiver for Internet of Nano Things (IoNT) |
| title_full | Fabrication and microfluidic analysis of graphene-based molecular communication receiver for Internet of Nano Things (IoNT) |
| title_fullStr | Fabrication and microfluidic analysis of graphene-based molecular communication receiver for Internet of Nano Things (IoNT) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fabrication and microfluidic analysis of graphene-based molecular communication receiver for Internet of Nano Things (IoNT) |
| title_short | Fabrication and microfluidic analysis of graphene-based molecular communication receiver for Internet of Nano Things (IoNT) |
| title_sort | fabrication and microfluidic analysis of graphene based molecular communication receiver for internet of nano things iont |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98609-1 |
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