In Vitro Assessment of Biofilm Production, Antibacterial Resistance of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp. Obtained from Tonsillar Crypts of Healthy Adults
Background and Objective: Tonsillar crypts can be considered a reservoir for a variety of bacterial species. Some bacterial species can be considered part of the normal oropharyngeal microbiota. The roles of other pathogens, for example, the so-called non-oral and respiratory pathogens <i>Stap...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/2/258 |
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| author | Renata Viksne Karlis Racenis Renars Broks Arta Olga Balode Ligija Kise Juta Kroica |
| author_facet | Renata Viksne Karlis Racenis Renars Broks Arta Olga Balode Ligija Kise Juta Kroica |
| author_sort | Renata Viksne |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Objective: Tonsillar crypts can be considered a reservoir for a variety of bacterial species. Some bacterial species can be considered part of the normal oropharyngeal microbiota. The roles of other pathogens, for example, the so-called non-oral and respiratory pathogens <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Klebsiella</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i>, and <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp., which have strong virulence factors, biofilm production capacity, and the ability to initiate infectious diseases, are unclear. The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp. within the tonsillar crypts of healthy individuals, and to analyze the pathogens’ biofilm production and antibacterial resistances. Results: Only common oropharyngeal microbiota were cultivated from 37 participant samples (40.7%). The most commonly isolated pathogenic bacterium was <i>S. aureus</i>, which was isolated in 41 (45%) participant samples. <i>K. pneumoniae</i> was isolated in seven (7.7%) samples, <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp. were isolated in five (5.5%) samples, and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> was isolated in two (2.2%) samples. Biofilm producers predominated among the pathogenic bacteria; 51 strains were biofilm producers, and among them, 31 strains were moderate or strong biofilm producers. The tested <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp. strains were sensitive to commonly used antibiotics (amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, clindamycin, or ciprofloxacin). One of the isolated <i>S. aureus</i> strains was MRSA. Conclusions: Biofilm is a commonly observed feature that seems to be a naturally existing form of pathogenic bacteria colonizing human tissue. <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp. occasionally occur in the tonsillar crypts of healthy individuals, and, therefore, it is most likely that <i>S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp. in opportunistic tonsillar infections originate from the tonsillar crypt microbiota. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:24:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cadd3ad74cfb4ad48e7cad1d987ee54b |
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| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:24:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-cadd3ad74cfb4ad48e7cad1d987ee54b2023-11-16T22:13:23ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-01-0111225810.3390/microorganisms11020258In Vitro Assessment of Biofilm Production, Antibacterial Resistance of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp. Obtained from Tonsillar Crypts of Healthy AdultsRenata Viksne0Karlis Racenis1Renars Broks2Arta Olga Balode3Ligija Kise4Juta Kroica5Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Daugavpils Regional Hospital, LV-5401 Daugavpils, LatviaDepartment of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, LatviaDepartment of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, LatviaDepartment of Microbiology, NMS Laboratory, LV-1039 Riga, LatviaDepartment of Doctoral Studies, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, LatviaDepartment of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, LatviaBackground and Objective: Tonsillar crypts can be considered a reservoir for a variety of bacterial species. Some bacterial species can be considered part of the normal oropharyngeal microbiota. The roles of other pathogens, for example, the so-called non-oral and respiratory pathogens <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Klebsiella</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i>, and <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp., which have strong virulence factors, biofilm production capacity, and the ability to initiate infectious diseases, are unclear. The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp. within the tonsillar crypts of healthy individuals, and to analyze the pathogens’ biofilm production and antibacterial resistances. Results: Only common oropharyngeal microbiota were cultivated from 37 participant samples (40.7%). The most commonly isolated pathogenic bacterium was <i>S. aureus</i>, which was isolated in 41 (45%) participant samples. <i>K. pneumoniae</i> was isolated in seven (7.7%) samples, <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp. were isolated in five (5.5%) samples, and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> was isolated in two (2.2%) samples. Biofilm producers predominated among the pathogenic bacteria; 51 strains were biofilm producers, and among them, 31 strains were moderate or strong biofilm producers. The tested <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp. strains were sensitive to commonly used antibiotics (amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, clindamycin, or ciprofloxacin). One of the isolated <i>S. aureus</i> strains was MRSA. Conclusions: Biofilm is a commonly observed feature that seems to be a naturally existing form of pathogenic bacteria colonizing human tissue. <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp. occasionally occur in the tonsillar crypts of healthy individuals, and, therefore, it is most likely that <i>S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp. in opportunistic tonsillar infections originate from the tonsillar crypt microbiota.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/2/258biofilmcolonizationtonsillar microbiotatonsillar crypts |
| spellingShingle | Renata Viksne Karlis Racenis Renars Broks Arta Olga Balode Ligija Kise Juta Kroica In Vitro Assessment of Biofilm Production, Antibacterial Resistance of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp. Obtained from Tonsillar Crypts of Healthy Adults Microorganisms biofilm colonization tonsillar microbiota tonsillar crypts |
| title | In Vitro Assessment of Biofilm Production, Antibacterial Resistance of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp. Obtained from Tonsillar Crypts of Healthy Adults |
| title_full | In Vitro Assessment of Biofilm Production, Antibacterial Resistance of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp. Obtained from Tonsillar Crypts of Healthy Adults |
| title_fullStr | In Vitro Assessment of Biofilm Production, Antibacterial Resistance of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp. Obtained from Tonsillar Crypts of Healthy Adults |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Vitro Assessment of Biofilm Production, Antibacterial Resistance of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp. Obtained from Tonsillar Crypts of Healthy Adults |
| title_short | In Vitro Assessment of Biofilm Production, Antibacterial Resistance of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp. Obtained from Tonsillar Crypts of Healthy Adults |
| title_sort | in vitro assessment of biofilm production antibacterial resistance of i staphylococcus aureus i i klebsiella pneumoniae i i pseudomonas aeruginosa i and i acinetobacter i spp obtained from tonsillar crypts of healthy adults |
| topic | biofilm colonization tonsillar microbiota tonsillar crypts |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/2/258 |
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