COVID-19: Is there a role for immunonutrition in obese patient?
Abstract On December 12, 2019 a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China, triggering a pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome in humans (COVID-19). Today, the scientific community is investing all the resources available to find any therapy and prevention strategies to defeat COVI...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Translational Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12967-020-02594-4 |
| _version_ | 1828867848751022080 |
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| author | Laura Di Renzo Paola Gualtieri Francesca Pivari Laura Soldati Alda Attinà Claudia Leggeri Giulia Cinelli Maria Grazia Tarsitano Giovanna Caparello Elena Carrano Giuseppe Merra Alberto Maria Pujia Roberta Danieli Antonino De Lorenzo |
| author_facet | Laura Di Renzo Paola Gualtieri Francesca Pivari Laura Soldati Alda Attinà Claudia Leggeri Giulia Cinelli Maria Grazia Tarsitano Giovanna Caparello Elena Carrano Giuseppe Merra Alberto Maria Pujia Roberta Danieli Antonino De Lorenzo |
| author_sort | Laura Di Renzo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract On December 12, 2019 a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China, triggering a pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome in humans (COVID-19). Today, the scientific community is investing all the resources available to find any therapy and prevention strategies to defeat COVID-19. In this context, immunonutrition can play a pivotal role in improving immune responses against viral infections. Immunonutrition has been based on the concept that malnutrition impairs immune function. Therefore, immunonutrition involves feeding enriched with various pharmaconutrients (Omega 3 Fatty Acids, Vitamin C, Arginine, Glutamine, Selenium, Zinc, Vitamin, E and Vitamin D) to modulate inflammatory responses, acquired immune response and to improve patient outcomes. In literature, significant evidences indicate that obesity, a malnutrition state, negatively impacts on immune system functionality and on host defense, impairing protection from infections. Immunonutrients can promote patient recovery by inhibiting inflammatory responses and regulating immune function. Immune system dysfunction is considered to increase the risk of viral infections, such as SARS-CoV-2, and was observed in different pathological situations. Obese patients develop severe COVID-19 sequelae, due to the high concentrations of TNF-α, MCP-1 and IL-6 produced in the meantime by visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue and by innate immunity. Moreover, leptin, released by adipose tissue, helps to increase inflammatory milieu with a dysregulation of the immune response. Additionally, gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the maturation, development and functions of both innate and adaptive immune system, as well as contributing to develop obese phenotype. The gut microbiota has been shown to affect lung health through a vital crosstalk between gut microbiota and lungs, called the “gut-lung axis”. This axis communicates through a bi-directional pathway in which endotoxins, or microbial metabolites, may affect the lung through the blood and when inflammation occurs in the lung, this in turn can affect the gut microbiota. Therefore, the modulation of gut microbiota in obese COVID-19 patients can play a key role in immunonutrition therapeutic strategy. This umbrella review seeks to answer the question of whether a nutritional approach can be used to enhance the immune system’s response to obesity in obese patients affected by COVID-19. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T05:20:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cae885bef28e4888bd4b3af8fcc4b3dc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1479-5876 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T05:20:06Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Translational Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-cae885bef28e4888bd4b3af8fcc4b3dc2022-12-21T23:58:21ZengBMCJournal of Translational Medicine1479-58762020-11-0118112210.1186/s12967-020-02594-4COVID-19: Is there a role for immunonutrition in obese patient?Laura Di Renzo0Paola Gualtieri1Francesca Pivari2Laura Soldati3Alda Attinà4Claudia Leggeri5Giulia Cinelli6Maria Grazia Tarsitano7Giovanna Caparello8Elena Carrano9Giuseppe Merra10Alberto Maria Pujia11Roberta Danieli12Antonino De Lorenzo13Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor VergataSection of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor VergataDepartment of Health Sciences, University of MilanDepartment of Health Sciences, University of MilanSchool of Specialization in Food Sciences, University of Rome Tor VergataSchool of Specialization in Food Sciences, University of Rome Tor VergataSchool of Specialization in Food Sciences, University of Rome Tor VergataDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of RomeSchool of Specialization in Food Sciences, University of Rome Tor VergataSchool of Specialization in Food Sciences, University of Rome Tor VergataSection of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor VergataDepartment of Surgery, University of Tor VergataTelematic University of San Raffaele RomeSection of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor VergataAbstract On December 12, 2019 a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China, triggering a pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome in humans (COVID-19). Today, the scientific community is investing all the resources available to find any therapy and prevention strategies to defeat COVID-19. In this context, immunonutrition can play a pivotal role in improving immune responses against viral infections. Immunonutrition has been based on the concept that malnutrition impairs immune function. Therefore, immunonutrition involves feeding enriched with various pharmaconutrients (Omega 3 Fatty Acids, Vitamin C, Arginine, Glutamine, Selenium, Zinc, Vitamin, E and Vitamin D) to modulate inflammatory responses, acquired immune response and to improve patient outcomes. In literature, significant evidences indicate that obesity, a malnutrition state, negatively impacts on immune system functionality and on host defense, impairing protection from infections. Immunonutrients can promote patient recovery by inhibiting inflammatory responses and regulating immune function. Immune system dysfunction is considered to increase the risk of viral infections, such as SARS-CoV-2, and was observed in different pathological situations. Obese patients develop severe COVID-19 sequelae, due to the high concentrations of TNF-α, MCP-1 and IL-6 produced in the meantime by visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue and by innate immunity. Moreover, leptin, released by adipose tissue, helps to increase inflammatory milieu with a dysregulation of the immune response. Additionally, gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the maturation, development and functions of both innate and adaptive immune system, as well as contributing to develop obese phenotype. The gut microbiota has been shown to affect lung health through a vital crosstalk between gut microbiota and lungs, called the “gut-lung axis”. This axis communicates through a bi-directional pathway in which endotoxins, or microbial metabolites, may affect the lung through the blood and when inflammation occurs in the lung, this in turn can affect the gut microbiota. Therefore, the modulation of gut microbiota in obese COVID-19 patients can play a key role in immunonutrition therapeutic strategy. This umbrella review seeks to answer the question of whether a nutritional approach can be used to enhance the immune system’s response to obesity in obese patients affected by COVID-19.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12967-020-02594-4COVID-19ImmunonutritionObesityInflammationImmune systemGut microbiota |
| spellingShingle | Laura Di Renzo Paola Gualtieri Francesca Pivari Laura Soldati Alda Attinà Claudia Leggeri Giulia Cinelli Maria Grazia Tarsitano Giovanna Caparello Elena Carrano Giuseppe Merra Alberto Maria Pujia Roberta Danieli Antonino De Lorenzo COVID-19: Is there a role for immunonutrition in obese patient? Journal of Translational Medicine COVID-19 Immunonutrition Obesity Inflammation Immune system Gut microbiota |
| title | COVID-19: Is there a role for immunonutrition in obese patient? |
| title_full | COVID-19: Is there a role for immunonutrition in obese patient? |
| title_fullStr | COVID-19: Is there a role for immunonutrition in obese patient? |
| title_full_unstemmed | COVID-19: Is there a role for immunonutrition in obese patient? |
| title_short | COVID-19: Is there a role for immunonutrition in obese patient? |
| title_sort | covid 19 is there a role for immunonutrition in obese patient |
| topic | COVID-19 Immunonutrition Obesity Inflammation Immune system Gut microbiota |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12967-020-02594-4 |
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