Bacterial associated urinary tract infection, risk factors, and drug susceptibility profile among adult people living with HIV at Haswassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Southern Esthiopia
Abstract People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are more likely to develop urinary tract infections (UTI) due to the suppression of their immunity. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, risk factors of UTI, and drug susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated among pe...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2020-07-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67840-7 |
| _version_ | 1818996771311845376 |
|---|---|
| author | Netsanet Nigusse Tessema Musa Mohammed Ali Mengistu Hyilemeriam Zenebe |
| author_facet | Netsanet Nigusse Tessema Musa Mohammed Ali Mengistu Hyilemeriam Zenebe |
| author_sort | Netsanet Nigusse Tessema |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are more likely to develop urinary tract infections (UTI) due to the suppression of their immunity. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, risk factors of UTI, and drug susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated among peoples infected with HIV. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 224 HIV positive individuals attending Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (HUCSH) from September 17 to November 16, 2018. Midstream urine was collected from all study participants and inoculated on to Blood and MacConkey agar. Bacterial isolates were characterized by Gram stain and standard biochemical tests. Kirby-Bauer method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected by a semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. A bivariate and a multivariable regression model were employed to determine the association between dependent and independent variables. From the total 224 study participants, 23 (10.3%) (95% CI 6.7–14.7) had culture-confirmed UTIs. The distributions of the bacteria were as follows: Escherichia coli 16 (69.6%), Staphylococcus aureus 2 (8.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 2 (8.7%), Enterobacter aerogenes 2 (8.7%) and Pseudomonas species 1 (4.3%). UTI prevalence was also high among study participants with a previous history of UTI and CD4+ count < 200/mm3. Female study participants were about five times more likely to have UTI (AOR 5.3, 95% CI 1.5–19.2). Ninety-three percent of bacteria isolated were susceptible to nitrofurantoin, ceftriaxone, and gentamycin; 87.5% were susceptible to meropenem and norfloxacin; whereas 93.8%, 68.8%, and 62.5% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, and cotrimoxazole respectively. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was seen in 18 (78.3%) of bacterial isolates. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T21:35:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-caff2a1fa3664855ba70d925c1e53d8d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T21:35:02Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-caff2a1fa3664855ba70d925c1e53d8d2022-12-21T19:25:57ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222020-07-011011910.1038/s41598-020-67840-7Bacterial associated urinary tract infection, risk factors, and drug susceptibility profile among adult people living with HIV at Haswassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Southern EsthiopiaNetsanet Nigusse Tessema0Musa Mohammed Ali1Mengistu Hyilemeriam Zenebe2Hawassa University Compressive Specialized HospitalSchool of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health SciencesSchool of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health SciencesAbstract People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are more likely to develop urinary tract infections (UTI) due to the suppression of their immunity. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, risk factors of UTI, and drug susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated among peoples infected with HIV. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 224 HIV positive individuals attending Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (HUCSH) from September 17 to November 16, 2018. Midstream urine was collected from all study participants and inoculated on to Blood and MacConkey agar. Bacterial isolates were characterized by Gram stain and standard biochemical tests. Kirby-Bauer method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected by a semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. A bivariate and a multivariable regression model were employed to determine the association between dependent and independent variables. From the total 224 study participants, 23 (10.3%) (95% CI 6.7–14.7) had culture-confirmed UTIs. The distributions of the bacteria were as follows: Escherichia coli 16 (69.6%), Staphylococcus aureus 2 (8.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 2 (8.7%), Enterobacter aerogenes 2 (8.7%) and Pseudomonas species 1 (4.3%). UTI prevalence was also high among study participants with a previous history of UTI and CD4+ count < 200/mm3. Female study participants were about five times more likely to have UTI (AOR 5.3, 95% CI 1.5–19.2). Ninety-three percent of bacteria isolated were susceptible to nitrofurantoin, ceftriaxone, and gentamycin; 87.5% were susceptible to meropenem and norfloxacin; whereas 93.8%, 68.8%, and 62.5% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, and cotrimoxazole respectively. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was seen in 18 (78.3%) of bacterial isolates.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67840-7 |
| spellingShingle | Netsanet Nigusse Tessema Musa Mohammed Ali Mengistu Hyilemeriam Zenebe Bacterial associated urinary tract infection, risk factors, and drug susceptibility profile among adult people living with HIV at Haswassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Southern Esthiopia Scientific Reports |
| title | Bacterial associated urinary tract infection, risk factors, and drug susceptibility profile among adult people living with HIV at Haswassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Southern Esthiopia |
| title_full | Bacterial associated urinary tract infection, risk factors, and drug susceptibility profile among adult people living with HIV at Haswassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Southern Esthiopia |
| title_fullStr | Bacterial associated urinary tract infection, risk factors, and drug susceptibility profile among adult people living with HIV at Haswassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Southern Esthiopia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bacterial associated urinary tract infection, risk factors, and drug susceptibility profile among adult people living with HIV at Haswassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Southern Esthiopia |
| title_short | Bacterial associated urinary tract infection, risk factors, and drug susceptibility profile among adult people living with HIV at Haswassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Southern Esthiopia |
| title_sort | bacterial associated urinary tract infection risk factors and drug susceptibility profile among adult people living with hiv at haswassa university comprehensive specialized hospital hawassa southern esthiopia |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67840-7 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT netsanetnigussetessema bacterialassociatedurinarytractinfectionriskfactorsanddrugsusceptibilityprofileamongadultpeoplelivingwithhivathaswassauniversitycomprehensivespecializedhospitalhawassasouthernesthiopia AT musamohammedali bacterialassociatedurinarytractinfectionriskfactorsanddrugsusceptibilityprofileamongadultpeoplelivingwithhivathaswassauniversitycomprehensivespecializedhospitalhawassasouthernesthiopia AT mengistuhyilemeriamzenebe bacterialassociatedurinarytractinfectionriskfactorsanddrugsusceptibilityprofileamongadultpeoplelivingwithhivathaswassauniversitycomprehensivespecializedhospitalhawassasouthernesthiopia |