Silicon Amendment Enhances Agronomic Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilization in Maize and Wheat Crops under Tropical Conditions
Sustainable management strategies are needed to improve agronomic efficiency and cereal yield production under harsh abiotic climatic conditions such as in tropical Savannah. Under these environments, field-grown crops are usually exposed to drought and high temperature conditions. Silicon (Si) appl...
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/7/1329 |
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| author | Fernando Shintate Galindo Paulo Humberto Pagliari Willian Lima Rodrigues Guilherme Carlos Fernandes Eduardo Henrique Marcandalli Boleta José Mateus Kondo Santini Arshad Jalal Salatiér Buzetti José Lavres Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira Filho |
| author_facet | Fernando Shintate Galindo Paulo Humberto Pagliari Willian Lima Rodrigues Guilherme Carlos Fernandes Eduardo Henrique Marcandalli Boleta José Mateus Kondo Santini Arshad Jalal Salatiér Buzetti José Lavres Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira Filho |
| author_sort | Fernando Shintate Galindo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sustainable management strategies are needed to improve agronomic efficiency and cereal yield production under harsh abiotic climatic conditions such as in tropical Savannah. Under these environments, field-grown crops are usually exposed to drought and high temperature conditions. Silicon (Si) application could be a useful and sustainable strategy to enhance agronomic N use efficiency, leading to better cereal development. This study was developed to explore the effect of Si application as a soil amendment source (Ca and Mg silicate) associated with N levels applied in a side-dressing (control, low, medium and high N levels) on maize and wheat development, N uptake, agronomic efficiency and grain yield. The field experiments were carried out during four cropping seasons, using two soil amendment sources (Ca and Mg silicate and dolomitic limestone) and four N levels (0, 50, 100 and 200 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>). The following evaluations were performed in maize and wheat crops: the shoots and roots biomass, total N, N-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, N-NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and Si accumulation in the shoots, roots and grain tissue, leaf chlorophyll index, grain yield and agronomic efficiency. The silicon amendment application enhanced leaf chlorophyll index, agronomic efficiency and N-uptake in maize and wheat plants, benefiting shoots and roots development and leading to a higher grain yield (an increase of 5.2 and 7.6%, respectively). It would be possible to reduce N fertilization in maize from 185–180 to 100 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> while maintaining similar grain yield with Si application. Additionally, Si application would reduce N fertilization in wheat from 195–200 to 100 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>. Silicon application could be a key technology for improving plant-soil N-management, especially in Si accumulator crops, leading to a more sustainable cereal production under tropical conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:45:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cb05f65132cf444aa39ce348afe0e578 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:45:20Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-cb05f65132cf444aa39ce348afe0e5782023-12-03T13:16:23ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-06-01107132910.3390/plants10071329Silicon Amendment Enhances Agronomic Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilization in Maize and Wheat Crops under Tropical ConditionsFernando Shintate Galindo0Paulo Humberto Pagliari1Willian Lima Rodrigues2Guilherme Carlos Fernandes3Eduardo Henrique Marcandalli Boleta4José Mateus Kondo Santini5Arshad Jalal6Salatiér Buzetti7José Lavres8Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira Filho9Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba 13416-000, BrazilDepartment of Soil, Water, and Climate, Southwest Research and Outreach Center (SWROC), University of Minnesota (UMN), Lamberton, MN 56152, USADepartment of Plant Health, Rural Engineering, and Soils (DEFERS), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira 15345-000, BrazilDepartment of Plant Health, Rural Engineering, and Soils (DEFERS), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira 15345-000, BrazilDepartment of Plant Health, Rural Engineering, and Soils (DEFERS), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira 15345-000, BrazilDepartment of Plant Health, Rural Engineering, and Soils (DEFERS), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira 15345-000, BrazilDepartment of Plant Health, Rural Engineering, and Soils (DEFERS), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira 15345-000, BrazilDepartment of Plant Health, Rural Engineering, and Soils (DEFERS), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira 15345-000, BrazilDepartment of Plant Health, Rural Engineering, and Soils (DEFERS), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira 15345-000, BrazilDepartment of Plant Health, Rural Engineering, and Soils (DEFERS), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira 15345-000, BrazilSustainable management strategies are needed to improve agronomic efficiency and cereal yield production under harsh abiotic climatic conditions such as in tropical Savannah. Under these environments, field-grown crops are usually exposed to drought and high temperature conditions. Silicon (Si) application could be a useful and sustainable strategy to enhance agronomic N use efficiency, leading to better cereal development. This study was developed to explore the effect of Si application as a soil amendment source (Ca and Mg silicate) associated with N levels applied in a side-dressing (control, low, medium and high N levels) on maize and wheat development, N uptake, agronomic efficiency and grain yield. The field experiments were carried out during four cropping seasons, using two soil amendment sources (Ca and Mg silicate and dolomitic limestone) and four N levels (0, 50, 100 and 200 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>). The following evaluations were performed in maize and wheat crops: the shoots and roots biomass, total N, N-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, N-NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and Si accumulation in the shoots, roots and grain tissue, leaf chlorophyll index, grain yield and agronomic efficiency. The silicon amendment application enhanced leaf chlorophyll index, agronomic efficiency and N-uptake in maize and wheat plants, benefiting shoots and roots development and leading to a higher grain yield (an increase of 5.2 and 7.6%, respectively). It would be possible to reduce N fertilization in maize from 185–180 to 100 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> while maintaining similar grain yield with Si application. Additionally, Si application would reduce N fertilization in wheat from 195–200 to 100 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>. Silicon application could be a key technology for improving plant-soil N-management, especially in Si accumulator crops, leading to a more sustainable cereal production under tropical conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/7/1329Silicon applicationsustainable crop productiontropical agricultureCa and Mg silicateimproved nitrogen management |
| spellingShingle | Fernando Shintate Galindo Paulo Humberto Pagliari Willian Lima Rodrigues Guilherme Carlos Fernandes Eduardo Henrique Marcandalli Boleta José Mateus Kondo Santini Arshad Jalal Salatiér Buzetti José Lavres Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira Filho Silicon Amendment Enhances Agronomic Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilization in Maize and Wheat Crops under Tropical Conditions Plants Silicon application sustainable crop production tropical agriculture Ca and Mg silicate improved nitrogen management |
| title | Silicon Amendment Enhances Agronomic Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilization in Maize and Wheat Crops under Tropical Conditions |
| title_full | Silicon Amendment Enhances Agronomic Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilization in Maize and Wheat Crops under Tropical Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Silicon Amendment Enhances Agronomic Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilization in Maize and Wheat Crops under Tropical Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Silicon Amendment Enhances Agronomic Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilization in Maize and Wheat Crops under Tropical Conditions |
| title_short | Silicon Amendment Enhances Agronomic Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilization in Maize and Wheat Crops under Tropical Conditions |
| title_sort | silicon amendment enhances agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilization in maize and wheat crops under tropical conditions |
| topic | Silicon application sustainable crop production tropical agriculture Ca and Mg silicate improved nitrogen management |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/7/1329 |
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