Sustainable biodiesel from flex-mix feedstock and its combustion in a VCR-CRDI engine with variable exhaust gas recirculation and injection pressure
Biodiesel produced from single feedstocks has many challenges due to variations in the oil properties. The flex-mix approach is a long-term solution for turning mixed feedstock into high-quality biodiesels. In this investigation, a pre-mixed used cooking oil and animal fat (pig fat) mixture (from 20...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2022-01-01
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| Series: | JPhys Energy |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ac9c30 |
| _version_ | 1797844692384088064 |
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| author | Vikas Sharma Abul K Hossain Ganesh Duraisamy Justin Jacob Thomas |
| author_facet | Vikas Sharma Abul K Hossain Ganesh Duraisamy Justin Jacob Thomas |
| author_sort | Vikas Sharma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biodiesel produced from single feedstocks has many challenges due to variations in the oil properties. The flex-mix approach is a long-term solution for turning mixed feedstock into high-quality biodiesels. In this investigation, a pre-mixed used cooking oil and animal fat (pig fat) mixture (from 20% to 80%) was transesterified to produce flex-mix methyl ester (FMME). The FMME fuel characteristics were tested and compared to biodiesel standards. Generally, biodiesel emits higher oxides of nitrogen (NO _x ) gas due to the presence of highly unsaturated compounds and oxygen. The present study aims to address this issue by adopting the flex-mix approach in combination with fuel injection strategies (400, 500 and 600 bar), exhaust gas recirculation (EGR 10%, 20% and 30%) and variable compression ratio (CR 17.5:1, 20:1 and 22:1). At a CR of 22 and an injection pressure ( P _inj ) of 600 bar, the FMME fuel without EGR shows a minimum reduction in brake thermal efficiency of 0.15% when compared to diesel. Nitric oxide gas emissions decreased by nearly 50% for all P _inj and EGR values, but they rose when the compression ratio was increased to 20 and 22. Smoke and hydrocarbon emissions also increased with the exhaust gas proportion. The engine performance with FMME fuel was found to be equivalent to that with fossil diesel fuel. According to the findings, the flex-mix approach could be a long-term alternative to producing renewable fuel for off-road diesel engine application. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T17:26:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cb07bf0b06b341748851d48d93bb1713 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2515-7655 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T17:26:23Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | JPhys Energy |
| spelling | doaj.art-cb07bf0b06b341748851d48d93bb17132023-04-18T13:48:56ZengIOP PublishingJPhys Energy2515-76552022-01-015101400110.1088/2515-7655/ac9c30Sustainable biodiesel from flex-mix feedstock and its combustion in a VCR-CRDI engine with variable exhaust gas recirculation and injection pressureVikas Sharma0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0603-8208Abul K Hossain1Ganesh Duraisamy2Justin Jacob Thomas3Mechanical, Biomedical and Design Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aston University , Birmingham B4 7ET, United KingdomMechanical, Biomedical and Design Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aston University , Birmingham B4 7ET, United KingdomDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University , Chennai 25, Tamilnadu, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University , Chennai 25, Tamilnadu, IndiaBiodiesel produced from single feedstocks has many challenges due to variations in the oil properties. The flex-mix approach is a long-term solution for turning mixed feedstock into high-quality biodiesels. In this investigation, a pre-mixed used cooking oil and animal fat (pig fat) mixture (from 20% to 80%) was transesterified to produce flex-mix methyl ester (FMME). The FMME fuel characteristics were tested and compared to biodiesel standards. Generally, biodiesel emits higher oxides of nitrogen (NO _x ) gas due to the presence of highly unsaturated compounds and oxygen. The present study aims to address this issue by adopting the flex-mix approach in combination with fuel injection strategies (400, 500 and 600 bar), exhaust gas recirculation (EGR 10%, 20% and 30%) and variable compression ratio (CR 17.5:1, 20:1 and 22:1). At a CR of 22 and an injection pressure ( P _inj ) of 600 bar, the FMME fuel without EGR shows a minimum reduction in brake thermal efficiency of 0.15% when compared to diesel. Nitric oxide gas emissions decreased by nearly 50% for all P _inj and EGR values, but they rose when the compression ratio was increased to 20 and 22. Smoke and hydrocarbon emissions also increased with the exhaust gas proportion. The engine performance with FMME fuel was found to be equivalent to that with fossil diesel fuel. According to the findings, the flex-mix approach could be a long-term alternative to producing renewable fuel for off-road diesel engine application.https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ac9c30biodieselflex-mixcombustionemissionvariable compressionwaste to energy |
| spellingShingle | Vikas Sharma Abul K Hossain Ganesh Duraisamy Justin Jacob Thomas Sustainable biodiesel from flex-mix feedstock and its combustion in a VCR-CRDI engine with variable exhaust gas recirculation and injection pressure JPhys Energy biodiesel flex-mix combustion emission variable compression waste to energy |
| title | Sustainable biodiesel from flex-mix feedstock and its combustion in a VCR-CRDI engine with variable exhaust gas recirculation and injection pressure |
| title_full | Sustainable biodiesel from flex-mix feedstock and its combustion in a VCR-CRDI engine with variable exhaust gas recirculation and injection pressure |
| title_fullStr | Sustainable biodiesel from flex-mix feedstock and its combustion in a VCR-CRDI engine with variable exhaust gas recirculation and injection pressure |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sustainable biodiesel from flex-mix feedstock and its combustion in a VCR-CRDI engine with variable exhaust gas recirculation and injection pressure |
| title_short | Sustainable biodiesel from flex-mix feedstock and its combustion in a VCR-CRDI engine with variable exhaust gas recirculation and injection pressure |
| title_sort | sustainable biodiesel from flex mix feedstock and its combustion in a vcr crdi engine with variable exhaust gas recirculation and injection pressure |
| topic | biodiesel flex-mix combustion emission variable compression waste to energy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ac9c30 |
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