Thermodynamics and Kinetics Research of the Fluorination Process of the Concentrate Rutile
The growth in the production of titanium metal and its compounds leads to an increase in the amount of toxic waste. As a result, at the legislative level, emissions of such wastes are limited, which leads to a drop in the production of titanium-containing products and a shortage of titanium in the i...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| author | Vladimir A. Karelin Son Hai Le Nadezhda V. Karelina Alexander N. Strashko Alexander V. Sazonov Huong M. T. Le |
| author_facet | Vladimir A. Karelin Son Hai Le Nadezhda V. Karelina Alexander N. Strashko Alexander V. Sazonov Huong M. T. Le |
| author_sort | Vladimir A. Karelin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The growth in the production of titanium metal and its compounds leads to an increase in the amount of toxic waste. As a result, at the legislative level, emissions of such wastes are limited, which leads to a drop in the production of titanium-containing products and a shortage of titanium in the international market. This paper presents the results of the process of fluorination of rutile concentrate from the Tarsky deposit (Russia, Omsk region) with elemental fluorine using a laboratory setup of a special design. For fluorination, samples of rutile concentrate weighing 0.1–1.0 g were used. The particle size distribution of particles varied from 2 × 10<sup>−6</sup> to 2 × 10<sup>−5</sup> m. To determine the possibility of carrying out the process, the calculation of the change in the logarithm of the equilibrium constant versus temperature was performed. The influence of the following operating parameters on the fluorination process has been studied: various concentrations of F<sub>2</sub> in a fluorinating mixture of fluorine with nitrogen; process time from 0 to 9 min; different ratios of the initial solid phase to fluorine (10 and 50% excess of fluorine and 10 and 50% of its deficiency); fluorination temperature in the range of 300–1800 K. A kinetic equation is selected that most accurately describes the fluorination process. The values of the activation energy and the preexponential factor in the kinetic equation are determined. The obtained results show that with an increase in the fluorine content in the fluorinating gas mixture and the temperature of the process, the fluorination rate increases. Optimal conditions for fluorination: temperature—680 K; time—5 min excess fluorine in the fluorinating mixture—20–25%. The obtained results allow to propose and consider the conditions of process execution on industrial equipment. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:57:06Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-cb0a452ee4f74e6da679535ac83f30542023-11-23T14:41:18ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012021-12-011213410.3390/met12010034Thermodynamics and Kinetics Research of the Fluorination Process of the Concentrate RutileVladimir A. Karelin0Son Hai Le1Nadezhda V. Karelina2Alexander N. Strashko3Alexander V. Sazonov4Huong M. T. Le5Division for Nuclear-Fuel Cycle, School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave., 30, 634050 Tomsk, RussiaDivision for Nuclear-Fuel Cycle, School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave., 30, 634050 Tomsk, RussiaDivision for Nuclear-Fuel Cycle, School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave., 30, 634050 Tomsk, RussiaDivision for Nuclear-Fuel Cycle, School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave., 30, 634050 Tomsk, RussiaDivision for Nuclear-Fuel Cycle, School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Ave., 30, 634050 Tomsk, RussiaDivision of Training and Technology Transfer, Nuclear Training Center (NTC), Vietnam Atomic Energy Institute (VINATOM), 140 Nguyen Tuan, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 11416, VietnamThe growth in the production of titanium metal and its compounds leads to an increase in the amount of toxic waste. As a result, at the legislative level, emissions of such wastes are limited, which leads to a drop in the production of titanium-containing products and a shortage of titanium in the international market. This paper presents the results of the process of fluorination of rutile concentrate from the Tarsky deposit (Russia, Omsk region) with elemental fluorine using a laboratory setup of a special design. For fluorination, samples of rutile concentrate weighing 0.1–1.0 g were used. The particle size distribution of particles varied from 2 × 10<sup>−6</sup> to 2 × 10<sup>−5</sup> m. To determine the possibility of carrying out the process, the calculation of the change in the logarithm of the equilibrium constant versus temperature was performed. The influence of the following operating parameters on the fluorination process has been studied: various concentrations of F<sub>2</sub> in a fluorinating mixture of fluorine with nitrogen; process time from 0 to 9 min; different ratios of the initial solid phase to fluorine (10 and 50% excess of fluorine and 10 and 50% of its deficiency); fluorination temperature in the range of 300–1800 K. A kinetic equation is selected that most accurately describes the fluorination process. The values of the activation energy and the preexponential factor in the kinetic equation are determined. The obtained results show that with an increase in the fluorine content in the fluorinating gas mixture and the temperature of the process, the fluorination rate increases. Optimal conditions for fluorination: temperature—680 K; time—5 min excess fluorine in the fluorinating mixture—20–25%. The obtained results allow to propose and consider the conditions of process execution on industrial equipment.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/12/1/34rutile concentratefluorination processtitanium tetra fluorideadmixtures fluoridesthermodynamics and kinetics of process |
| spellingShingle | Vladimir A. Karelin Son Hai Le Nadezhda V. Karelina Alexander N. Strashko Alexander V. Sazonov Huong M. T. Le Thermodynamics and Kinetics Research of the Fluorination Process of the Concentrate Rutile Metals rutile concentrate fluorination process titanium tetra fluoride admixtures fluorides thermodynamics and kinetics of process |
| title | Thermodynamics and Kinetics Research of the Fluorination Process of the Concentrate Rutile |
| title_full | Thermodynamics and Kinetics Research of the Fluorination Process of the Concentrate Rutile |
| title_fullStr | Thermodynamics and Kinetics Research of the Fluorination Process of the Concentrate Rutile |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thermodynamics and Kinetics Research of the Fluorination Process of the Concentrate Rutile |
| title_short | Thermodynamics and Kinetics Research of the Fluorination Process of the Concentrate Rutile |
| title_sort | thermodynamics and kinetics research of the fluorination process of the concentrate rutile |
| topic | rutile concentrate fluorination process titanium tetra fluoride admixtures fluorides thermodynamics and kinetics of process |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/12/1/34 |
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