Molecular characterisation of the 14-3-3 gene family in Brachypodium distachyon L. reveals high evolutionary conservation and diverse responses to abiotic stresses
The 14-3-3 gene family identified in all eukaryotic organisms is involved in a wide range of biological processes, particularly in resistance to various abiotic stresses. Here, we performed the first comprehensive study on the molecular characterisation, phylogenetics and responses to various abioti...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2016-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2016.01099/full |
| _version_ | 1819077813130493952 |
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| author | Hui Cao Yuxing Xu Linlin Yuan Yanwei Bian Lihui Wang Shoumin Zhen Yingkao Hu Yueming Yan |
| author_facet | Hui Cao Yuxing Xu Linlin Yuan Yanwei Bian Lihui Wang Shoumin Zhen Yingkao Hu Yueming Yan |
| author_sort | Hui Cao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The 14-3-3 gene family identified in all eukaryotic organisms is involved in a wide range of biological processes, particularly in resistance to various abiotic stresses. Here, we performed the first comprehensive study on the molecular characterisation, phylogenetics and responses to various abiotic stresses of the 14-3-3 gene family in Brachypodium distachyon L.. A total of seven 14-3-3 genes from B. distachyon and 120 from five main lineages among 12 species were identified, which were divided into five well-conserved subfamilies. The molecular structure analysis showed that the plant 14-3-3 gene family is highly evolutionarily conserved, although certain divergence had occurred in different subfamilies. The duplication event investigation revealed that segmental duplication seemed to be the predominant form by which the 14-3-3 gene family had expanded. Moreover, seven critical amino acids were detected, which may contribute to functional divergence. Expression profiling analysis showed that BdGF14 genes were abundantly expressed in the roots, but showed low expression in the meristems. All seven BdGF14 genes showed significant expression changes under various abiotic stresses, including heavy metal, phytohormone, osmotic, and temperature stresses, which might play important roles in responses to multiple abiotic stresses mainly through participating in ABA-dependent signalling and reactive oxygen species-mediated MAPK cascade signalling pathways. In particular, BdGF14 genes generally showed upregulated expression in response to multiple stresses of high temperature, heavy metal, abscisic acid (ABA), and salicylic acid (SA), but downregulated expression under H2O2, NaCl, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) stresses. Meanwhile, dynamic transcriptional expression analysis of BdGF14 genes under longer treatments with heavy metals (Cd2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) and phytohormone (ABA) and recovery revealed two main expression trends in both roots and leaves: up-down and up-down-up expression from stress treatments to recovery. This study provides new insights into the structures and functions of plant 14-3-3 genes. |
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| id | doaj.art-cb0ceceb910d4d15a955b58705c15096 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T19:03:09Z |
| publishDate | 2016-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-cb0ceceb910d4d15a955b58705c150962022-12-21T18:53:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2016-07-01710.3389/fpls.2016.01099209087Molecular characterisation of the 14-3-3 gene family in Brachypodium distachyon L. reveals high evolutionary conservation and diverse responses to abiotic stressesHui Cao0Yuxing Xu1Linlin Yuan2Yanwei Bian3Lihui Wang4Shoumin Zhen5Yingkao Hu6Yueming Yan7Capital Normal UniversityCapital Normal UniversityCapital Normal UniversityCapital Normal UniversityCapital Normal UniversityCapital Normal UniversityCapital Normal UniversityCapital Normal UniversityThe 14-3-3 gene family identified in all eukaryotic organisms is involved in a wide range of biological processes, particularly in resistance to various abiotic stresses. Here, we performed the first comprehensive study on the molecular characterisation, phylogenetics and responses to various abiotic stresses of the 14-3-3 gene family in Brachypodium distachyon L.. A total of seven 14-3-3 genes from B. distachyon and 120 from five main lineages among 12 species were identified, which were divided into five well-conserved subfamilies. The molecular structure analysis showed that the plant 14-3-3 gene family is highly evolutionarily conserved, although certain divergence had occurred in different subfamilies. The duplication event investigation revealed that segmental duplication seemed to be the predominant form by which the 14-3-3 gene family had expanded. Moreover, seven critical amino acids were detected, which may contribute to functional divergence. Expression profiling analysis showed that BdGF14 genes were abundantly expressed in the roots, but showed low expression in the meristems. All seven BdGF14 genes showed significant expression changes under various abiotic stresses, including heavy metal, phytohormone, osmotic, and temperature stresses, which might play important roles in responses to multiple abiotic stresses mainly through participating in ABA-dependent signalling and reactive oxygen species-mediated MAPK cascade signalling pathways. In particular, BdGF14 genes generally showed upregulated expression in response to multiple stresses of high temperature, heavy metal, abscisic acid (ABA), and salicylic acid (SA), but downregulated expression under H2O2, NaCl, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) stresses. Meanwhile, dynamic transcriptional expression analysis of BdGF14 genes under longer treatments with heavy metals (Cd2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) and phytohormone (ABA) and recovery revealed two main expression trends in both roots and leaves: up-down and up-down-up expression from stress treatments to recovery. This study provides new insights into the structures and functions of plant 14-3-3 genes.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2016.01099/fullGene DuplicationqRT-PCRabiotic stressBrachypodium distachyonphylogenetic relationshipsGene structures |
| spellingShingle | Hui Cao Yuxing Xu Linlin Yuan Yanwei Bian Lihui Wang Shoumin Zhen Yingkao Hu Yueming Yan Molecular characterisation of the 14-3-3 gene family in Brachypodium distachyon L. reveals high evolutionary conservation and diverse responses to abiotic stresses Frontiers in Plant Science Gene Duplication qRT-PCR abiotic stress Brachypodium distachyon phylogenetic relationships Gene structures |
| title | Molecular characterisation of the 14-3-3 gene family in Brachypodium distachyon L. reveals high evolutionary conservation and diverse responses to abiotic stresses |
| title_full | Molecular characterisation of the 14-3-3 gene family in Brachypodium distachyon L. reveals high evolutionary conservation and diverse responses to abiotic stresses |
| title_fullStr | Molecular characterisation of the 14-3-3 gene family in Brachypodium distachyon L. reveals high evolutionary conservation and diverse responses to abiotic stresses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular characterisation of the 14-3-3 gene family in Brachypodium distachyon L. reveals high evolutionary conservation and diverse responses to abiotic stresses |
| title_short | Molecular characterisation of the 14-3-3 gene family in Brachypodium distachyon L. reveals high evolutionary conservation and diverse responses to abiotic stresses |
| title_sort | molecular characterisation of the 14 3 3 gene family in brachypodium distachyon l reveals high evolutionary conservation and diverse responses to abiotic stresses |
| topic | Gene Duplication qRT-PCR abiotic stress Brachypodium distachyon phylogenetic relationships Gene structures |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2016.01099/full |
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