Extraction and Characterization of Collagen from Elasmobranch Byproducts for Potential Biomaterial Use
With the worldwide increase of fisheries, fish wastes have had a similar increase, alternatively they can be seen as a source of novel substances for the improvement of society’s wellbeing. Elasmobranchs are a subclass fished in high amounts, with some species being mainly bycatch. They possess an e...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/18/12/617 |
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| author | Manuel J. Seixas Eva Martins Rui L. Reis Tiago H. Silva |
| author_facet | Manuel J. Seixas Eva Martins Rui L. Reis Tiago H. Silva |
| author_sort | Manuel J. Seixas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With the worldwide increase of fisheries, fish wastes have had a similar increase, alternatively they can be seen as a source of novel substances for the improvement of society’s wellbeing. Elasmobranchs are a subclass fished in high amounts, with some species being mainly bycatch. They possess an endoskeleton composed mainly by cartilage, from which chondroitin sulfate is currently obtained. Their use as a viable source for extraction of type II collagen has been hypothesized with the envisaging of a biomedical application, namely in biomaterials production. In the present work, raw cartilage from shark (<i>Prionace glauca</i>) and ray (<i>Zeachara chilensis</i> and <i>Bathyraja brachyurops</i>) was obtained from a fish processing company and submitted to acidic and enzymatic extractions, to produce acid-soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC). From all the extractions, <i>P. glauca</i> PSC had the highest yield (3.5%), followed by ray ASC (0.92%), ray PSC (0.50%), and <i>P. glauca</i> ASC (0.15%). All the extracts showed similar properties, with the SDS-PAGE profiles being compatible with the presence of both type I and type II collagens. Moreover, the collagen extracts exhibited the competence to maintain their conformation at human basal temperature, presenting a denaturation temperature higher than 37 °C. Hydrogels were produced using <i>P. glauca</i> PSC combined with shark chondroitin sulfate, with the objective of mimicking the human cartilage extracellular matrix. These hydrogels were cohesive and structurally-stable at 37 °C, with rheological measurements exhibiting a conformation of an elastic solid when submitted to shear strain with a frequency up to 4 Hz. This work revealed a sustainable strategy for the valorization of fisheries’ by-products, within the concept of a circular economy, consisting of the use of <i>P. glauca</i>, <i>Z. chilensis,</i> and <i>B. brachyurops</i> cartilage for the extraction of collagen, which would be further employed in the development of hydrogels as a proof of concept of its biotechnological potential, ultimately envisaging its use in marine biomaterials to regenerate damaged cartilaginous tissues. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:20:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cb12dda5e118451baddeac20b2ef5b1f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:20:46Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-cb12dda5e118451baddeac20b2ef5b1f2023-11-20T23:27:16ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972020-12-01181261710.3390/md18120617Extraction and Characterization of Collagen from Elasmobranch Byproducts for Potential Biomaterial UseManuel J. Seixas0Eva Martins1Rui L. Reis2Tiago H. Silva33B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, PortugalWith the worldwide increase of fisheries, fish wastes have had a similar increase, alternatively they can be seen as a source of novel substances for the improvement of society’s wellbeing. Elasmobranchs are a subclass fished in high amounts, with some species being mainly bycatch. They possess an endoskeleton composed mainly by cartilage, from which chondroitin sulfate is currently obtained. Their use as a viable source for extraction of type II collagen has been hypothesized with the envisaging of a biomedical application, namely in biomaterials production. In the present work, raw cartilage from shark (<i>Prionace glauca</i>) and ray (<i>Zeachara chilensis</i> and <i>Bathyraja brachyurops</i>) was obtained from a fish processing company and submitted to acidic and enzymatic extractions, to produce acid-soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC). From all the extractions, <i>P. glauca</i> PSC had the highest yield (3.5%), followed by ray ASC (0.92%), ray PSC (0.50%), and <i>P. glauca</i> ASC (0.15%). All the extracts showed similar properties, with the SDS-PAGE profiles being compatible with the presence of both type I and type II collagens. Moreover, the collagen extracts exhibited the competence to maintain their conformation at human basal temperature, presenting a denaturation temperature higher than 37 °C. Hydrogels were produced using <i>P. glauca</i> PSC combined with shark chondroitin sulfate, with the objective of mimicking the human cartilage extracellular matrix. These hydrogels were cohesive and structurally-stable at 37 °C, with rheological measurements exhibiting a conformation of an elastic solid when submitted to shear strain with a frequency up to 4 Hz. This work revealed a sustainable strategy for the valorization of fisheries’ by-products, within the concept of a circular economy, consisting of the use of <i>P. glauca</i>, <i>Z. chilensis,</i> and <i>B. brachyurops</i> cartilage for the extraction of collagen, which would be further employed in the development of hydrogels as a proof of concept of its biotechnological potential, ultimately envisaging its use in marine biomaterials to regenerate damaged cartilaginous tissues.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/18/12/617elasmobranch byproductsmarine collagenhydrogelcartilagetissue engineeringmarine biomaterials |
| spellingShingle | Manuel J. Seixas Eva Martins Rui L. Reis Tiago H. Silva Extraction and Characterization of Collagen from Elasmobranch Byproducts for Potential Biomaterial Use Marine Drugs elasmobranch byproducts marine collagen hydrogel cartilage tissue engineering marine biomaterials |
| title | Extraction and Characterization of Collagen from Elasmobranch Byproducts for Potential Biomaterial Use |
| title_full | Extraction and Characterization of Collagen from Elasmobranch Byproducts for Potential Biomaterial Use |
| title_fullStr | Extraction and Characterization of Collagen from Elasmobranch Byproducts for Potential Biomaterial Use |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extraction and Characterization of Collagen from Elasmobranch Byproducts for Potential Biomaterial Use |
| title_short | Extraction and Characterization of Collagen from Elasmobranch Byproducts for Potential Biomaterial Use |
| title_sort | extraction and characterization of collagen from elasmobranch byproducts for potential biomaterial use |
| topic | elasmobranch byproducts marine collagen hydrogel cartilage tissue engineering marine biomaterials |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/18/12/617 |
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