Fabrication of 3D-printed hydroxyapatite using freeze-drying method for bone regeneration: RVE and finite element simulation analysis
Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary approach that utilizes cells, scaffolds, and biofactors to develop biosynthetic bone scaffolds for bone regeneration applications. These scaffolds are three-dimensional porous structures with specific mechanical and biological properties that facilitate the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785423010372 |
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| author | M. Kardan-Halvaei M.R. Morovvati S. Niazi Angili S. Saber-Samandari K. Razmjooee D. Toghraie A. Khandan |
| author_facet | M. Kardan-Halvaei M.R. Morovvati S. Niazi Angili S. Saber-Samandari K. Razmjooee D. Toghraie A. Khandan |
| author_sort | M. Kardan-Halvaei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary approach that utilizes cells, scaffolds, and biofactors to develop biosynthetic bone scaffolds for bone regeneration applications. These scaffolds are three-dimensional porous structures with specific mechanical and biological properties that facilitate the attachment and proliferation of osteoinductive cells on their surfaces. In this study, bone scaffolds were 3D-printed using PLA material, and a variety of three-dimensional porous structures, including Kelvin, Octet truss, and Gibson Ashby, were employed. To improve the biological properties of the scaffolds, they were coated with alginate/hydroxyapatite using the Freeze-drying method. The Alginate/HA RVEs were analyzed under periodic boundary conditions, and the elastic modulus was found to improve from 100 MPa (pure alginate) to 149 MPa by adding 30 wt% HA particles. The mechanical properties of the scaffolds were investigated under compressive deformation using experiments and finite element simulations. The results show that the compressive strength of structures follows the order σOctettruss > σGibsonashby > σKelvin. The Freeze-drying process causes pore formation on the scaffold surface. According to the microstructural analysis, the pore size was observed for composite scaffolds approximately at 320–340 μm. After 21-day, most parts of the scaffold surface were coated by the apatite layer completely, and the surface of the pores was blocked by the apatite layer. To characterize cell viability, an MTT assay was used. The scaffolds expose high cell viability around 97% and did not show any significant toxicity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T04:08:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cb1b11b811c04022b90fb3fb52e30718 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T04:08:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-cb1b11b811c04022b90fb3fb52e307182023-06-21T06:57:38ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542023-05-012486828692Fabrication of 3D-printed hydroxyapatite using freeze-drying method for bone regeneration: RVE and finite element simulation analysisM. Kardan-Halvaei0M.R. Morovvati1S. Niazi Angili2S. Saber-Samandari3K. Razmjooee4D. Toghraie5A. Khandan6Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Ave., Tehran, IranDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Ave., Tehran, IranDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Ave., Tehran, IranNew Technologies Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Composites Research Laboratory (CRLab), Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, IranNew Technologies Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, IranDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Isfahan, Iran; Corresponding author.New Technologies Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Corresponding author.Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary approach that utilizes cells, scaffolds, and biofactors to develop biosynthetic bone scaffolds for bone regeneration applications. These scaffolds are three-dimensional porous structures with specific mechanical and biological properties that facilitate the attachment and proliferation of osteoinductive cells on their surfaces. In this study, bone scaffolds were 3D-printed using PLA material, and a variety of three-dimensional porous structures, including Kelvin, Octet truss, and Gibson Ashby, were employed. To improve the biological properties of the scaffolds, they were coated with alginate/hydroxyapatite using the Freeze-drying method. The Alginate/HA RVEs were analyzed under periodic boundary conditions, and the elastic modulus was found to improve from 100 MPa (pure alginate) to 149 MPa by adding 30 wt% HA particles. The mechanical properties of the scaffolds were investigated under compressive deformation using experiments and finite element simulations. The results show that the compressive strength of structures follows the order σOctettruss > σGibsonashby > σKelvin. The Freeze-drying process causes pore formation on the scaffold surface. According to the microstructural analysis, the pore size was observed for composite scaffolds approximately at 320–340 μm. After 21-day, most parts of the scaffold surface were coated by the apatite layer completely, and the surface of the pores was blocked by the apatite layer. To characterize cell viability, an MTT assay was used. The scaffolds expose high cell viability around 97% and did not show any significant toxicity.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785423010372HydroxyapatiteAlginate3D printingRVE simulationBone regenerationGibson Ashby |
| spellingShingle | M. Kardan-Halvaei M.R. Morovvati S. Niazi Angili S. Saber-Samandari K. Razmjooee D. Toghraie A. Khandan Fabrication of 3D-printed hydroxyapatite using freeze-drying method for bone regeneration: RVE and finite element simulation analysis Journal of Materials Research and Technology Hydroxyapatite Alginate 3D printing RVE simulation Bone regeneration Gibson Ashby |
| title | Fabrication of 3D-printed hydroxyapatite using freeze-drying method for bone regeneration: RVE and finite element simulation analysis |
| title_full | Fabrication of 3D-printed hydroxyapatite using freeze-drying method for bone regeneration: RVE and finite element simulation analysis |
| title_fullStr | Fabrication of 3D-printed hydroxyapatite using freeze-drying method for bone regeneration: RVE and finite element simulation analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fabrication of 3D-printed hydroxyapatite using freeze-drying method for bone regeneration: RVE and finite element simulation analysis |
| title_short | Fabrication of 3D-printed hydroxyapatite using freeze-drying method for bone regeneration: RVE and finite element simulation analysis |
| title_sort | fabrication of 3d printed hydroxyapatite using freeze drying method for bone regeneration rve and finite element simulation analysis |
| topic | Hydroxyapatite Alginate 3D printing RVE simulation Bone regeneration Gibson Ashby |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785423010372 |
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