WKB Approaches to Restore Time in Quantum Cosmology: Predictions and Shortcomings
In this review, we analyse different aspects concerning the possibility to separate a gravity-matter system into a part which lives close to a quasi-classical state and a “small” quantum subset. The considered approaches are all relying on a WKB expansion of the dynamics by an order parameter and th...
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/8/11/556 |
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| author | Giulia Maniccia Mariaveronica De Angelis Giovanni Montani |
| author_facet | Giulia Maniccia Mariaveronica De Angelis Giovanni Montani |
| author_sort | Giulia Maniccia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this review, we analyse different aspects concerning the possibility to separate a gravity-matter system into a part which lives close to a quasi-classical state and a “small” quantum subset. The considered approaches are all relying on a WKB expansion of the dynamics by an order parameter and the natural arena consists of the Bianchi universe minisuperspace. We first discuss how, limiting the WKB expansion to the first order of approximation, it is possible to recover for the quantum subsystem a Schrödinger equation, as written on the classical gravitational background. Then, after having tested the validity of the approximation scheme for the Bianchi I model, we give some applications for the quantum subsystem in the so-called “corner” configuration of the Bianchi IX model. We individualize the quantum variable in the small one of the two anisotropy degrees of freedom. The most surprising result is the possibility to obtain a non-singular Bianchi IX cosmology when the scenario is extrapolated backwards in time. In this respect, we provide some basic hints on the extension of this result to the generic cosmological solution. In the last part of the review, we consider the same scheme to the next order of approximation identifying the quantum subset as made of matter variables only. This way, we are considering the very fundamental problem of non-unitary morphology of the quantum gravity corrections to quantum field theory discussing some proposed reformulations. Instead of constructing the time dependence via that one of the classical gravitational variables on the label time as in previous works, we analyse a recent proposal to construct time by fixing a reference frame. This scheme can be reached both introducing the so-called “kinematical action”, as well as by the well-known Kuchar–Torre formulation. In both cases, the Schrödinger equation, amended for quantum gravity corrections, has the same morphology and we provide a cosmological implementation of the model, to elucidate its possible predictions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:35:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cb1e2b20de5f426186bdc446d365301a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1997 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:35:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Universe |
| spelling | doaj.art-cb1e2b20de5f426186bdc446d365301a2023-11-24T07:11:55ZengMDPI AGUniverse2218-19972022-10-0181155610.3390/universe8110556WKB Approaches to Restore Time in Quantum Cosmology: Predictions and ShortcomingsGiulia Maniccia0Mariaveronica De Angelis1Giovanni Montani2Physics Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, ItalySchool of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, UKPhysics Department, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, ItalyIn this review, we analyse different aspects concerning the possibility to separate a gravity-matter system into a part which lives close to a quasi-classical state and a “small” quantum subset. The considered approaches are all relying on a WKB expansion of the dynamics by an order parameter and the natural arena consists of the Bianchi universe minisuperspace. We first discuss how, limiting the WKB expansion to the first order of approximation, it is possible to recover for the quantum subsystem a Schrödinger equation, as written on the classical gravitational background. Then, after having tested the validity of the approximation scheme for the Bianchi I model, we give some applications for the quantum subsystem in the so-called “corner” configuration of the Bianchi IX model. We individualize the quantum variable in the small one of the two anisotropy degrees of freedom. The most surprising result is the possibility to obtain a non-singular Bianchi IX cosmology when the scenario is extrapolated backwards in time. In this respect, we provide some basic hints on the extension of this result to the generic cosmological solution. In the last part of the review, we consider the same scheme to the next order of approximation identifying the quantum subset as made of matter variables only. This way, we are considering the very fundamental problem of non-unitary morphology of the quantum gravity corrections to quantum field theory discussing some proposed reformulations. Instead of constructing the time dependence via that one of the classical gravitational variables on the label time as in previous works, we analyse a recent proposal to construct time by fixing a reference frame. This scheme can be reached both introducing the so-called “kinematical action”, as well as by the well-known Kuchar–Torre formulation. In both cases, the Schrödinger equation, amended for quantum gravity corrections, has the same morphology and we provide a cosmological implementation of the model, to elucidate its possible predictions.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/8/11/556quantum cosmologyWKB approximationminisuperspace dynamicscanonical methods of quantizationBorn–Oppenheimer separation |
| spellingShingle | Giulia Maniccia Mariaveronica De Angelis Giovanni Montani WKB Approaches to Restore Time in Quantum Cosmology: Predictions and Shortcomings Universe quantum cosmology WKB approximation minisuperspace dynamics canonical methods of quantization Born–Oppenheimer separation |
| title | WKB Approaches to Restore Time in Quantum Cosmology: Predictions and Shortcomings |
| title_full | WKB Approaches to Restore Time in Quantum Cosmology: Predictions and Shortcomings |
| title_fullStr | WKB Approaches to Restore Time in Quantum Cosmology: Predictions and Shortcomings |
| title_full_unstemmed | WKB Approaches to Restore Time in Quantum Cosmology: Predictions and Shortcomings |
| title_short | WKB Approaches to Restore Time in Quantum Cosmology: Predictions and Shortcomings |
| title_sort | wkb approaches to restore time in quantum cosmology predictions and shortcomings |
| topic | quantum cosmology WKB approximation minisuperspace dynamics canonical methods of quantization Born–Oppenheimer separation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/8/11/556 |
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