1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D as Predictor of Renal Worsening Function in Chronic Kidney Disease. Results From the PASCaL-1,25D Study

BackgroundHeterogeneous progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) toward dialysis advocates improving in renal care management. Diagnosis and staging of CKD relies on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria. Tubular biomarkers emerged as new predictors of worsening renal functi...

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Main Authors: Andrea Galassi, Eliana Maria Fasulo, Paola Ciceri, Roberta Casazza, Fabrizio Bonelli, Claudia Zierold, Mariella Calleri, Frank A. Blocki, Maria Assunta Palmieri, Claudio Mastronardo, Mario G. Cozzolino
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.840801/full
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author Andrea Galassi
Eliana Maria Fasulo
Paola Ciceri
Roberta Casazza
Fabrizio Bonelli
Claudia Zierold
Mariella Calleri
Frank A. Blocki
Maria Assunta Palmieri
Claudio Mastronardo
Mario G. Cozzolino
author_facet Andrea Galassi
Eliana Maria Fasulo
Paola Ciceri
Roberta Casazza
Fabrizio Bonelli
Claudia Zierold
Mariella Calleri
Frank A. Blocki
Maria Assunta Palmieri
Claudio Mastronardo
Mario G. Cozzolino
author_sort Andrea Galassi
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundHeterogeneous progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) toward dialysis advocates improving in renal care management. Diagnosis and staging of CKD relies on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria. Tubular biomarkers emerged as new predictors of worsening renal function (WRF), due to partial inaccuracy of eGFR and existing WRF in non-proteinuric patients. Active vitamin D is synthesized in renal tubules and participates to mineral adaptation in CKD. Circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] was poorly investigated as a biomarker of endocrine tubular function and predictor of WRF.ObjectiveInvestigate capability of 1,25(OH)2D to predict parathormone (PTH) increase and WRF in CKD stage 3–4.MethodsPASCaL-1,25D was an observational, prospective, monocentric study. Primary outcomes were absolute and 20% increase in PTH, and WRF defined as 20% reduction in eGFR or dialysis initiation at 6 months.ResultsSeventy-one patients completed follow up. Absolute increase in PTH (1–84) was independently predicted by lower 1,25(OH)2D levels (p = 0.0134). No association was detected between 1,25(OH)2D and iPTH increase. Higher 1,25(OH)2D was associated with reduced risk of WRF at univariate analysis [OR 0.89 (95% CI 0.86–0.93), p = 0.006]. The 1,25(OH)2D/PTH (1–84) ratio was associated with non-significant 84% risk reduction for WRF [OR 0.16 (95% CI 0.06–0.41), p = 0.05]. Low 1,25(OH)2D reached 100% sensitivity in predicting WRF in CKD stage 3 (AUC 9.909, p < 0.0001) and non-elderly patients (AUC 0.883, p < 0.0001). Machine learning models retained 1,25(OH)2D/PTH (1–84) as relevant predictor of WRF together with eGFR and albuminuria. Age influenced interaction between renal and mineral biomarkers.Conclusion1,25(OH)2D deserves attention as biomarker of tubular health, and sensible predictor of WRF on the short run among non-elderly patients affected by stage 3 CKD. The 1,25(OH)2D/PTH (1–84) ratio may represent a composite biomarker of tubular reserve/endocrine response to the transition from adaptive to maladaptive equilibrium in CKD-MBD.
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spelling doaj.art-cb21876070c9433cac95d62b6e17a1b62022-12-22T01:34:07ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2022-03-01910.3389/fmed.2022.8408018408011,25-dihydroxyvitamin D as Predictor of Renal Worsening Function in Chronic Kidney Disease. Results From the PASCaL-1,25D StudyAndrea Galassi0Eliana Maria Fasulo1Paola Ciceri2Roberta Casazza3Fabrizio Bonelli4Claudia Zierold5Mariella Calleri6Frank A. Blocki7Maria Assunta Palmieri8Claudio Mastronardo9Mario G. Cozzolino10Renal Division, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyRenal Division, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyRenal Division, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyRenal Division, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyDiaSorin SpA, Saluggia, ItalyConsultant for DiaSorin, Lugano, SwitzerlandDiaSorin SpA, Saluggia, ItalyDiaSorin Inc, Stillwater, MN, United StatesReply Data, Milan, ItalyReply Data, Milan, ItalyRenal Division, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, ItalyBackgroundHeterogeneous progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) toward dialysis advocates improving in renal care management. Diagnosis and staging of CKD relies on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria. Tubular biomarkers emerged as new predictors of worsening renal function (WRF), due to partial inaccuracy of eGFR and existing WRF in non-proteinuric patients. Active vitamin D is synthesized in renal tubules and participates to mineral adaptation in CKD. Circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] was poorly investigated as a biomarker of endocrine tubular function and predictor of WRF.ObjectiveInvestigate capability of 1,25(OH)2D to predict parathormone (PTH) increase and WRF in CKD stage 3–4.MethodsPASCaL-1,25D was an observational, prospective, monocentric study. Primary outcomes were absolute and 20% increase in PTH, and WRF defined as 20% reduction in eGFR or dialysis initiation at 6 months.ResultsSeventy-one patients completed follow up. Absolute increase in PTH (1–84) was independently predicted by lower 1,25(OH)2D levels (p = 0.0134). No association was detected between 1,25(OH)2D and iPTH increase. Higher 1,25(OH)2D was associated with reduced risk of WRF at univariate analysis [OR 0.89 (95% CI 0.86–0.93), p = 0.006]. The 1,25(OH)2D/PTH (1–84) ratio was associated with non-significant 84% risk reduction for WRF [OR 0.16 (95% CI 0.06–0.41), p = 0.05]. Low 1,25(OH)2D reached 100% sensitivity in predicting WRF in CKD stage 3 (AUC 9.909, p < 0.0001) and non-elderly patients (AUC 0.883, p < 0.0001). Machine learning models retained 1,25(OH)2D/PTH (1–84) as relevant predictor of WRF together with eGFR and albuminuria. Age influenced interaction between renal and mineral biomarkers.Conclusion1,25(OH)2D deserves attention as biomarker of tubular health, and sensible predictor of WRF on the short run among non-elderly patients affected by stage 3 CKD. The 1,25(OH)2D/PTH (1–84) ratio may represent a composite biomarker of tubular reserve/endocrine response to the transition from adaptive to maladaptive equilibrium in CKD-MBD.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.840801/fullCKD125-dihydroxyvitamin DPTHPTH (1–84)vitamin D
spellingShingle Andrea Galassi
Eliana Maria Fasulo
Paola Ciceri
Roberta Casazza
Fabrizio Bonelli
Claudia Zierold
Mariella Calleri
Frank A. Blocki
Maria Assunta Palmieri
Claudio Mastronardo
Mario G. Cozzolino
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D as Predictor of Renal Worsening Function in Chronic Kidney Disease. Results From the PASCaL-1,25D Study
Frontiers in Medicine
CKD
1
25-dihydroxyvitamin D
PTH
PTH (1–84)
vitamin D
title 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D as Predictor of Renal Worsening Function in Chronic Kidney Disease. Results From the PASCaL-1,25D Study
title_full 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D as Predictor of Renal Worsening Function in Chronic Kidney Disease. Results From the PASCaL-1,25D Study
title_fullStr 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D as Predictor of Renal Worsening Function in Chronic Kidney Disease. Results From the PASCaL-1,25D Study
title_full_unstemmed 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D as Predictor of Renal Worsening Function in Chronic Kidney Disease. Results From the PASCaL-1,25D Study
title_short 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D as Predictor of Renal Worsening Function in Chronic Kidney Disease. Results From the PASCaL-1,25D Study
title_sort 1 25 dihydroxyvitamin d as predictor of renal worsening function in chronic kidney disease results from the pascal 1 25d study
topic CKD
1
25-dihydroxyvitamin D
PTH
PTH (1–84)
vitamin D
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.840801/full
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