New Materials Based on Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Containing Copolymers with Ferromagnetic Fillers
The article investigates the peculiarities of the effect of ferromagnetic fillers (FMFs) of various natures (Ni, Co, Fe, FeCo, SmCo<sub>5</sub>) on the formation of the structure and properties of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) copolymers. The composite...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/15/5183 |
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| author | Oleksandr Grytsenko Ludmila Dulebova Emil Spišák Bohdan Berezhnyy |
| author_facet | Oleksandr Grytsenko Ludmila Dulebova Emil Spišák Bohdan Berezhnyy |
| author_sort | Oleksandr Grytsenko |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The article investigates the peculiarities of the effect of ferromagnetic fillers (FMFs) of various natures (Ni, Co, Fe, FeCo, SmCo<sub>5</sub>) on the formation of the structure and properties of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) copolymers. The composites were characterized using FTIR-spectroscopy, SEM, DMTA, magnetometry of vibrating samples, specific electrical resistivity studies, and mechanical and thermophysical studies. The formation of a grafted spatially crosslinked copolymer (pHEMA-gr-PVP) was confirmed and it was established that the FMF introduction of only 10 wt.% into the copolymer formulation increased the degree of crosslinking of the polymer network by three times. The surface hardness of composites increased by 20–25%. However, the water content decreased by 16–18% and lay within 42–43 wt.%, which is a relatively high number. The heat resistance of dry composites was characterized by Vicat softening temperature, which was 39–42 °C higher compared to the unfilled material. It was established that the obtained composites were characterized by a coercive force of 200 kA × m<sup>−1</sup> and induction of a magnetic field at the poles of 4–5 mT and 10–15 mT, respectively. The introduction of FMF particles into pHEMA-gr-PVP copolymers, which, in the dry state, are dielectrics, provides them with electrical conductivity, which was evaluated by the specific volume resistance. Depending on the FMF nature and content, as well as their orientation in the magnetic field, the resistance of filled materials could be regulated within 10<sup>2</sup>–10<sup>6</sup> Ohm·m. Therefore, the modification of HEMA with PVP copolymers by ferromagnetic fillers of various natures provides the possibility of obtaining materials with unique predicted properties and expands the fields of their use, for instance as magnetic sorbents for various applications, as well as the possibilities associated with their being electrically conductive materials that can respond by changing of electrical conductivity, depending on various factors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:16:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cb2ac2c536324eea96460e64cca76d6e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:16:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-cb2ac2c536324eea96460e64cca76d6e2023-12-03T12:45:09ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-07-011515518310.3390/ma15155183New Materials Based on Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Containing Copolymers with Ferromagnetic FillersOleksandr Grytsenko0Ludmila Dulebova1Emil Spišák2Bohdan Berezhnyy3Department of Chemical Technology of Plastics Processing, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, St. Bandera Str., 79013 Lviv, UkraineDepartment of Technologies, Materials and Computer Aided Production, Technical University of Kosice, 74 Mäsiarska, 04001 Kosice, SlovakiaDepartment of Technologies, Materials and Computer Aided Production, Technical University of Kosice, 74 Mäsiarska, 04001 Kosice, SlovakiaDepartment of Chemical Technology of Plastics Processing, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, St. Bandera Str., 79013 Lviv, UkraineThe article investigates the peculiarities of the effect of ferromagnetic fillers (FMFs) of various natures (Ni, Co, Fe, FeCo, SmCo<sub>5</sub>) on the formation of the structure and properties of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) copolymers. The composites were characterized using FTIR-spectroscopy, SEM, DMTA, magnetometry of vibrating samples, specific electrical resistivity studies, and mechanical and thermophysical studies. The formation of a grafted spatially crosslinked copolymer (pHEMA-gr-PVP) was confirmed and it was established that the FMF introduction of only 10 wt.% into the copolymer formulation increased the degree of crosslinking of the polymer network by three times. The surface hardness of composites increased by 20–25%. However, the water content decreased by 16–18% and lay within 42–43 wt.%, which is a relatively high number. The heat resistance of dry composites was characterized by Vicat softening temperature, which was 39–42 °C higher compared to the unfilled material. It was established that the obtained composites were characterized by a coercive force of 200 kA × m<sup>−1</sup> and induction of a magnetic field at the poles of 4–5 mT and 10–15 mT, respectively. The introduction of FMF particles into pHEMA-gr-PVP copolymers, which, in the dry state, are dielectrics, provides them with electrical conductivity, which was evaluated by the specific volume resistance. Depending on the FMF nature and content, as well as their orientation in the magnetic field, the resistance of filled materials could be regulated within 10<sup>2</sup>–10<sup>6</sup> Ohm·m. Therefore, the modification of HEMA with PVP copolymers by ferromagnetic fillers of various natures provides the possibility of obtaining materials with unique predicted properties and expands the fields of their use, for instance as magnetic sorbents for various applications, as well as the possibilities associated with their being electrically conductive materials that can respond by changing of electrical conductivity, depending on various factors.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/15/5183hydrogelscomposite hydrogelsferromagnetic fillersmagnetic hydrogelscopolymerspolyvinylpyrrolidone |
| spellingShingle | Oleksandr Grytsenko Ludmila Dulebova Emil Spišák Bohdan Berezhnyy New Materials Based on Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Containing Copolymers with Ferromagnetic Fillers Materials hydrogels composite hydrogels ferromagnetic fillers magnetic hydrogels copolymers polyvinylpyrrolidone |
| title | New Materials Based on Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Containing Copolymers with Ferromagnetic Fillers |
| title_full | New Materials Based on Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Containing Copolymers with Ferromagnetic Fillers |
| title_fullStr | New Materials Based on Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Containing Copolymers with Ferromagnetic Fillers |
| title_full_unstemmed | New Materials Based on Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Containing Copolymers with Ferromagnetic Fillers |
| title_short | New Materials Based on Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Containing Copolymers with Ferromagnetic Fillers |
| title_sort | new materials based on polyvinylpyrrolidone containing copolymers with ferromagnetic fillers |
| topic | hydrogels composite hydrogels ferromagnetic fillers magnetic hydrogels copolymers polyvinylpyrrolidone |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/15/5183 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT oleksandrgrytsenko newmaterialsbasedonpolyvinylpyrrolidonecontainingcopolymerswithferromagneticfillers AT ludmiladulebova newmaterialsbasedonpolyvinylpyrrolidonecontainingcopolymerswithferromagneticfillers AT emilspisak newmaterialsbasedonpolyvinylpyrrolidonecontainingcopolymerswithferromagneticfillers AT bohdanberezhnyy newmaterialsbasedonpolyvinylpyrrolidonecontainingcopolymerswithferromagneticfillers |