Re: Role of Telomeres and Telomerase in Cancer
The most important difference between cancer and normall cells is the ability to continuous proliferation. This activation works due to telomeres and telomerase enzyme. Fifty years ago, Leonard Hayflick discovered that cultured normal humans cells have a limited capacity to divide. Today, this with...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Galenos Yayinevi
2016-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Urological Surgery |
| Online Access: | http://jurolsurgery.org/article_10390/Re-Cell-Adhesion-Molecules-And-Their-Relation-To-cancer-Cell-Stemness |
| _version_ | 1797905848568119296 |
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| author | Shay JW Wright WE |
| author_facet | Shay JW Wright WE |
| author_sort | Shay JW |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The most important difference between cancer and normall cells is the ability to continuous proliferation. This activation works due to telomeres and telomerase
enzyme. Fifty years ago, Leonard Hayflick discovered that cultured normal humans cells have a limited capacity to divide. Today, this withdrawal from the cell
cycle after a certain number of cellular divisions (replicative senescence) is known to be triggered as a result of shortened telomeres. Studies on telomeres and
telomerase have begun to provide additional information about aging and cancer development and have created new opportunities in the field of regenerative
medicine for telomeropathies. Progressive telomere shortening from cell division (replicative aging) provides a barrier for tumor progression. Continuous cell
growth in malignancy correlates with the reactivation of telomerase. Telomerase is a cellular reverse transcriptase that adds new deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
onto the telomeres that are located at the ends of chromosomes. Telomeres consist of many kilobases of TTAGGG nucleotide repeats. The telomeric nucleotide
repeats shorten with each cell division due to replication problems (DNA repair) and oxidative damage. Quiescent/senescent state of the cell bypass can be
accomplished by abrogating cell cycle checkpoint genes (such as TP53, p16INK4a, pRb). Telomerase is detected in approximately 90% of all malignant tumors.
This telomerase activation has emerged as a target for cancer treatment. Telomerase therapeutics are classified as gene therapy (hTERT-telomerase catalytic
protein component, hTR-telomerase functional), immunotherapy (Imetalstat-telomerase template antagonist), and small molecule inhibitors. In the near future,
more specific researches on telomers and telomerase will contribute to aging/immortality studies (as stem cells) and to discover new biomarkers for malignant
tissue or anticancer therapeutics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T10:11:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cb30ab2c6cfd4964b5a7e2b235476024 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2148-9580 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T10:11:39Z |
| publishDate | 2016-03-01 |
| publisher | Galenos Yayinevi |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Urological Surgery |
| spelling | doaj.art-cb30ab2c6cfd4964b5a7e2b2354760242023-02-15T16:22:06ZengGalenos YayineviJournal of Urological Surgery2148-95802016-03-0131292910.4274/jus.2016.01.003Re: Role of Telomeres and Telomerase in CancerShay JW0Wright WE1University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology, Dallas, USAUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology, Dallas, USAThe most important difference between cancer and normall cells is the ability to continuous proliferation. This activation works due to telomeres and telomerase enzyme. Fifty years ago, Leonard Hayflick discovered that cultured normal humans cells have a limited capacity to divide. Today, this withdrawal from the cell cycle after a certain number of cellular divisions (replicative senescence) is known to be triggered as a result of shortened telomeres. Studies on telomeres and telomerase have begun to provide additional information about aging and cancer development and have created new opportunities in the field of regenerative medicine for telomeropathies. Progressive telomere shortening from cell division (replicative aging) provides a barrier for tumor progression. Continuous cell growth in malignancy correlates with the reactivation of telomerase. Telomerase is a cellular reverse transcriptase that adds new deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) onto the telomeres that are located at the ends of chromosomes. Telomeres consist of many kilobases of TTAGGG nucleotide repeats. The telomeric nucleotide repeats shorten with each cell division due to replication problems (DNA repair) and oxidative damage. Quiescent/senescent state of the cell bypass can be accomplished by abrogating cell cycle checkpoint genes (such as TP53, p16INK4a, pRb). Telomerase is detected in approximately 90% of all malignant tumors. This telomerase activation has emerged as a target for cancer treatment. Telomerase therapeutics are classified as gene therapy (hTERT-telomerase catalytic protein component, hTR-telomerase functional), immunotherapy (Imetalstat-telomerase template antagonist), and small molecule inhibitors. In the near future, more specific researches on telomers and telomerase will contribute to aging/immortality studies (as stem cells) and to discover new biomarkers for malignant tissue or anticancer therapeutics.http://jurolsurgery.org/article_10390/Re-Cell-Adhesion-Molecules-And-Their-Relation-To-cancer-Cell-Stemness |
| spellingShingle | Shay JW Wright WE Re: Role of Telomeres and Telomerase in Cancer Journal of Urological Surgery |
| title | Re: Role of Telomeres and Telomerase in Cancer |
| title_full | Re: Role of Telomeres and Telomerase in Cancer |
| title_fullStr | Re: Role of Telomeres and Telomerase in Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Re: Role of Telomeres and Telomerase in Cancer |
| title_short | Re: Role of Telomeres and Telomerase in Cancer |
| title_sort | re role of telomeres and telomerase in cancer |
| url | http://jurolsurgery.org/article_10390/Re-Cell-Adhesion-Molecules-And-Their-Relation-To-cancer-Cell-Stemness |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shayjw reroleoftelomeresandtelomeraseincancer AT wrightwe reroleoftelomeresandtelomeraseincancer |