The Identification and Characterization of the <i>KNOX</i> Gene Family as an Active Regulator of Leaf Development in <i>Trifolium repens</i>
Leaves are the primary and critical feed for herbivores. They directly determine the yield and quality of legume forage. <i>Trifolium repens</i> (<i>T. repens</i>) is an indispensable legume species, widely cultivated in temperate pastures due to its nutritional value and nit...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/10/1778 |
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| author | Jinwan Fan Gang Nie Jieyu Ma Ruchang Hu Jie He Feifei Wu Zhongfu Yang Sainan Ma Xin Zhang Xinquan Zhang |
| author_facet | Jinwan Fan Gang Nie Jieyu Ma Ruchang Hu Jie He Feifei Wu Zhongfu Yang Sainan Ma Xin Zhang Xinquan Zhang |
| author_sort | Jinwan Fan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Leaves are the primary and critical feed for herbivores. They directly determine the yield and quality of legume forage. <i>Trifolium repens</i> (<i>T. repens</i>) is an indispensable legume species, widely cultivated in temperate pastures due to its nutritional value and nitrogen fixation. Although the leaves of <i>T. repens</i> are typical trifoliate, they have unusual patterns to adapt to herbivore feeding. The number of leaflets in <i>T. repens</i> affects its production and utilization. The <i>KNOX</i> gene family encodes transcriptional regulators that are vital in regulating and developing leaves. Identification and characterization of <i>TrKNOX</i> gene family as an active regulator of leaf development in <i>T. repens</i> were studied. A total of 21 <i>TrKNOX</i> genes were identified from the T. repens genome database and classified into three subgroups (Class I, Class II, and Class M) based on phylogenetic analysis. Nineteen of the genes identified had four conserved domains, except for <i>KNOX5</i> and <i>KNOX9</i>, which belong to Class M. Varying expression levels of TrKNOX genes were observed at different developmental stages and complexities of leaves. <i>KNOX9</i> was observed to upregulate the leaf complexity of T. repens. Research on <i>TrKNOX</i> genes could be novel and further assist in exploring their functions and cultivating high-quality <i>T. repens</i> varieties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:17:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cb31a1e7582a4ac3875fbec23bb410dd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:17:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-cb31a1e7582a4ac3875fbec23bb410dd2023-11-30T22:45:19ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252022-10-011310177810.3390/genes13101778The Identification and Characterization of the <i>KNOX</i> Gene Family as an Active Regulator of Leaf Development in <i>Trifolium repens</i>Jinwan Fan0Gang Nie1Jieyu Ma2Ruchang Hu3Jie He4Feifei Wu5Zhongfu Yang6Sainan Ma7Xin Zhang8Xinquan Zhang9Department of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaDepartment of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaDepartment of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaDepartment of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaDepartment of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaDepartment of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaDepartment of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaDepartment of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaDepartment of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaDepartment of Forage Breeding and Cultivation, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaLeaves are the primary and critical feed for herbivores. They directly determine the yield and quality of legume forage. <i>Trifolium repens</i> (<i>T. repens</i>) is an indispensable legume species, widely cultivated in temperate pastures due to its nutritional value and nitrogen fixation. Although the leaves of <i>T. repens</i> are typical trifoliate, they have unusual patterns to adapt to herbivore feeding. The number of leaflets in <i>T. repens</i> affects its production and utilization. The <i>KNOX</i> gene family encodes transcriptional regulators that are vital in regulating and developing leaves. Identification and characterization of <i>TrKNOX</i> gene family as an active regulator of leaf development in <i>T. repens</i> were studied. A total of 21 <i>TrKNOX</i> genes were identified from the T. repens genome database and classified into three subgroups (Class I, Class II, and Class M) based on phylogenetic analysis. Nineteen of the genes identified had four conserved domains, except for <i>KNOX5</i> and <i>KNOX9</i>, which belong to Class M. Varying expression levels of TrKNOX genes were observed at different developmental stages and complexities of leaves. <i>KNOX9</i> was observed to upregulate the leaf complexity of T. repens. Research on <i>TrKNOX</i> genes could be novel and further assist in exploring their functions and cultivating high-quality <i>T. repens</i> varieties.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/10/1778<i>Trifolium repens</i><i>KNOX</i> gene familygenome-wideleaf developmentexpression analysis |
| spellingShingle | Jinwan Fan Gang Nie Jieyu Ma Ruchang Hu Jie He Feifei Wu Zhongfu Yang Sainan Ma Xin Zhang Xinquan Zhang The Identification and Characterization of the <i>KNOX</i> Gene Family as an Active Regulator of Leaf Development in <i>Trifolium repens</i> Genes <i>Trifolium repens</i> <i>KNOX</i> gene family genome-wide leaf development expression analysis |
| title | The Identification and Characterization of the <i>KNOX</i> Gene Family as an Active Regulator of Leaf Development in <i>Trifolium repens</i> |
| title_full | The Identification and Characterization of the <i>KNOX</i> Gene Family as an Active Regulator of Leaf Development in <i>Trifolium repens</i> |
| title_fullStr | The Identification and Characterization of the <i>KNOX</i> Gene Family as an Active Regulator of Leaf Development in <i>Trifolium repens</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Identification and Characterization of the <i>KNOX</i> Gene Family as an Active Regulator of Leaf Development in <i>Trifolium repens</i> |
| title_short | The Identification and Characterization of the <i>KNOX</i> Gene Family as an Active Regulator of Leaf Development in <i>Trifolium repens</i> |
| title_sort | identification and characterization of the i knox i gene family as an active regulator of leaf development in i trifolium repens i |
| topic | <i>Trifolium repens</i> <i>KNOX</i> gene family genome-wide leaf development expression analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/10/1778 |
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