Multivariate and health risks analysis of heavy metals in natural water sources around Enugu dumpsite, southeastern Nigeria
Abstract The concentrations of heavy metals and health risks associated with the consumption of domestic water sources around a dumpsite in Enugu (southeastern Nigeria) were assessed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and multivariate analysis. The results showed the dumpsite leachate mean pH va...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SpringerOpen
2022-08-01
|
| Series: | Applied Water Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-022-01746-9 |
| _version_ | 1828437799504707584 |
|---|---|
| author | Daniel Chukwuemeka Ozoko Ifeoma Linda Onyekwelu Okechukwu Pius Aghamelu |
| author_facet | Daniel Chukwuemeka Ozoko Ifeoma Linda Onyekwelu Okechukwu Pius Aghamelu |
| author_sort | Daniel Chukwuemeka Ozoko |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The concentrations of heavy metals and health risks associated with the consumption of domestic water sources around a dumpsite in Enugu (southeastern Nigeria) were assessed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and multivariate analysis. The results showed the dumpsite leachate mean pH value of 4.1, Mn+ of 11.4 µg/l, Fe3+ 4.1 µg/l, Cd+ 0.3, As+ 6.03 µg/l, Pb+ 2.47 µg/l, Ni+ 14.13 µg/l, and Cr3+ 1.48. The groundwater and surface water samples had mean heavy metal values as follows: Mn+ 5.23 and 0.75 µg/l, Fe3+ 1.49 and 0.15 µg/l, Cd+ 0.08 and 0.10 µg/l, As+ 1.90 and 0.15 µg/l, Pb+ 1.01 and 0.35 µg/l, Ni+ 0.37 and 0.05 µg/l, and Cr3+ 0.03 and 0.05 µg/l, respectively. Comparison with maximum permissible limits indicated that the mean heavy metal concentrations of the tested samples were lower than the limits for drinking water, except for Mn+, As+, and Pb + , which were marginal above recommended limits. Principal component analysis results showed two principal components with the first principal component having high loadings of Mn+, Fe3+, As+, Pb+, Ni+, and Cr3+, which are statistically correlated. Probable sources of these contaminants include automobile parts and tools, batteries and electrical appliances and electronics heaped at the dumpsite. Analysis of variance results indicates a significant difference in datasets between and within each and both water sources. Human health risk assessment indices indicated that the water sources are moderate to highly polluted and could pose both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic threats when consumed untreated, with children being more exposed than adults. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T19:52:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cb344565390d4532a21bc7e92226e667 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2190-5487 2190-5495 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T19:52:15Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Water Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-cb344565390d4532a21bc7e92226e6672022-12-22T01:35:45ZengSpringerOpenApplied Water Science2190-54872190-54952022-08-0112912210.1007/s13201-022-01746-9Multivariate and health risks analysis of heavy metals in natural water sources around Enugu dumpsite, southeastern NigeriaDaniel Chukwuemeka Ozoko0Ifeoma Linda Onyekwelu1Okechukwu Pius Aghamelu2Department of Geology and Mining, Enugu State University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Geological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityDepartment of Geology and Geophysics, Alex Ekwueme Federal UniversityAbstract The concentrations of heavy metals and health risks associated with the consumption of domestic water sources around a dumpsite in Enugu (southeastern Nigeria) were assessed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and multivariate analysis. The results showed the dumpsite leachate mean pH value of 4.1, Mn+ of 11.4 µg/l, Fe3+ 4.1 µg/l, Cd+ 0.3, As+ 6.03 µg/l, Pb+ 2.47 µg/l, Ni+ 14.13 µg/l, and Cr3+ 1.48. The groundwater and surface water samples had mean heavy metal values as follows: Mn+ 5.23 and 0.75 µg/l, Fe3+ 1.49 and 0.15 µg/l, Cd+ 0.08 and 0.10 µg/l, As+ 1.90 and 0.15 µg/l, Pb+ 1.01 and 0.35 µg/l, Ni+ 0.37 and 0.05 µg/l, and Cr3+ 0.03 and 0.05 µg/l, respectively. Comparison with maximum permissible limits indicated that the mean heavy metal concentrations of the tested samples were lower than the limits for drinking water, except for Mn+, As+, and Pb + , which were marginal above recommended limits. Principal component analysis results showed two principal components with the first principal component having high loadings of Mn+, Fe3+, As+, Pb+, Ni+, and Cr3+, which are statistically correlated. Probable sources of these contaminants include automobile parts and tools, batteries and electrical appliances and electronics heaped at the dumpsite. Analysis of variance results indicates a significant difference in datasets between and within each and both water sources. Human health risk assessment indices indicated that the water sources are moderate to highly polluted and could pose both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic threats when consumed untreated, with children being more exposed than adults.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-022-01746-9LeachatesContaminationsDumpsiteHeavy MetalsMultivariate analysisWater source |
| spellingShingle | Daniel Chukwuemeka Ozoko Ifeoma Linda Onyekwelu Okechukwu Pius Aghamelu Multivariate and health risks analysis of heavy metals in natural water sources around Enugu dumpsite, southeastern Nigeria Applied Water Science Leachates Contaminations Dumpsite Heavy Metals Multivariate analysis Water source |
| title | Multivariate and health risks analysis of heavy metals in natural water sources around Enugu dumpsite, southeastern Nigeria |
| title_full | Multivariate and health risks analysis of heavy metals in natural water sources around Enugu dumpsite, southeastern Nigeria |
| title_fullStr | Multivariate and health risks analysis of heavy metals in natural water sources around Enugu dumpsite, southeastern Nigeria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multivariate and health risks analysis of heavy metals in natural water sources around Enugu dumpsite, southeastern Nigeria |
| title_short | Multivariate and health risks analysis of heavy metals in natural water sources around Enugu dumpsite, southeastern Nigeria |
| title_sort | multivariate and health risks analysis of heavy metals in natural water sources around enugu dumpsite southeastern nigeria |
| topic | Leachates Contaminations Dumpsite Heavy Metals Multivariate analysis Water source |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-022-01746-9 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT danielchukwuemekaozoko multivariateandhealthrisksanalysisofheavymetalsinnaturalwatersourcesaroundenugudumpsitesoutheasternnigeria AT ifeomalindaonyekwelu multivariateandhealthrisksanalysisofheavymetalsinnaturalwatersourcesaroundenugudumpsitesoutheasternnigeria AT okechukwupiusaghamelu multivariateandhealthrisksanalysisofheavymetalsinnaturalwatersourcesaroundenugudumpsitesoutheasternnigeria |