Influence on Soybean Aphid by the Tripartite Interaction between Soybean, a Rhizobium Bacterium, and an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus
The inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and rhizobia in legumes has been proven to increase plant growth and yield. To date, studies of the effects of these interactions on phytophagous insects have shown them to be context-dependent depending on the inoculant strain, the plant, and the...
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/6/1196 |
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| author | Élisée Emmanuel Dabré Mohamed Hijri Colin Favret |
| author_facet | Élisée Emmanuel Dabré Mohamed Hijri Colin Favret |
| author_sort | Élisée Emmanuel Dabré |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and rhizobia in legumes has been proven to increase plant growth and yield. To date, studies of the effects of these interactions on phytophagous insects have shown them to be context-dependent depending on the inoculant strain, the plant, and the insect species. Here, we document how a symbiosis involving an AM fungus, <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i>; a rhizobium, <i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i>; and soybean, <i>Glycine max</i>, influences the soybean aphid, <i>Aphis glycines</i>. Soybean co-inoculated with the AM fungus–rhizobium pair increased the plant’s biomass, nodulation, mycorrhizal colonization, nitrogen, and carbon concentrations, but decreased phosphorus concentration. Similar effects were observed with rhizobium alone, with the exception that root biomass was unaffected. With AM fungus alone, we only observed an increase in mycorrhizal colonization and phosphorus concentration. The aphids experienced an increased reproductive rate with the double inoculation, followed by rhizobium alone, whereas no effect was observed with the AM fungus. The size of individual aphids was not affected. Furthermore, we found positive correlation between nitrogen concentration and aphid population density. Our results confirm that co-inoculation of two symbionts can enhance both plant and phytophagous insect performance beyond what either symbiont can contribute alone. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:59:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cb3d5702541f4da9af766dc31b82c57e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:59:23Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-cb3d5702541f4da9af766dc31b82c57e2023-11-23T18:04:36ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072022-06-01106119610.3390/microorganisms10061196Influence on Soybean Aphid by the Tripartite Interaction between Soybean, a Rhizobium Bacterium, and an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal FungusÉlisée Emmanuel Dabré0Mohamed Hijri1Colin Favret2Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, CanadaInstitut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, CanadaInstitut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, CanadaThe inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and rhizobia in legumes has been proven to increase plant growth and yield. To date, studies of the effects of these interactions on phytophagous insects have shown them to be context-dependent depending on the inoculant strain, the plant, and the insect species. Here, we document how a symbiosis involving an AM fungus, <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i>; a rhizobium, <i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i>; and soybean, <i>Glycine max</i>, influences the soybean aphid, <i>Aphis glycines</i>. Soybean co-inoculated with the AM fungus–rhizobium pair increased the plant’s biomass, nodulation, mycorrhizal colonization, nitrogen, and carbon concentrations, but decreased phosphorus concentration. Similar effects were observed with rhizobium alone, with the exception that root biomass was unaffected. With AM fungus alone, we only observed an increase in mycorrhizal colonization and phosphorus concentration. The aphids experienced an increased reproductive rate with the double inoculation, followed by rhizobium alone, whereas no effect was observed with the AM fungus. The size of individual aphids was not affected. Furthermore, we found positive correlation between nitrogen concentration and aphid population density. Our results confirm that co-inoculation of two symbionts can enhance both plant and phytophagous insect performance beyond what either symbiont can contribute alone.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/6/1196arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi<i>Aphis glycines</i><i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i>co-inoculationmicroorganism–plant–insect interactions<i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i> |
| spellingShingle | Élisée Emmanuel Dabré Mohamed Hijri Colin Favret Influence on Soybean Aphid by the Tripartite Interaction between Soybean, a Rhizobium Bacterium, and an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Microorganisms arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi <i>Aphis glycines</i> <i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i> co-inoculation microorganism–plant–insect interactions <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i> |
| title | Influence on Soybean Aphid by the Tripartite Interaction between Soybean, a Rhizobium Bacterium, and an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus |
| title_full | Influence on Soybean Aphid by the Tripartite Interaction between Soybean, a Rhizobium Bacterium, and an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus |
| title_fullStr | Influence on Soybean Aphid by the Tripartite Interaction between Soybean, a Rhizobium Bacterium, and an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence on Soybean Aphid by the Tripartite Interaction between Soybean, a Rhizobium Bacterium, and an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus |
| title_short | Influence on Soybean Aphid by the Tripartite Interaction between Soybean, a Rhizobium Bacterium, and an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus |
| title_sort | influence on soybean aphid by the tripartite interaction between soybean a rhizobium bacterium and an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus |
| topic | arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi <i>Aphis glycines</i> <i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i> co-inoculation microorganism–plant–insect interactions <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/6/1196 |
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