Antimalarial therapy selection for quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli in the absence of quinolone exposure, in tropical South America.
<h4>Background</h4>Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is thought to develop only in the presence of antibiotic pressure. Here we show evidence to suggest that fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli has developed in the absence of fluoroquinolone use.<h4>Methods</h4>O...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2008-07-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/18648533/pdf/?tool=EBI |
| _version_ | 1818401204013629440 |
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| author | Ross J Davidson Ian Davis Barbara M Willey Keyro Rizg Shelly Bolotin Vanessa Porter Jane Polsky Nick Daneman Allison McGeer Paul Yang Dennis Scolnik Roy Rowsell Olga Imas Michael S Silverman |
| author_facet | Ross J Davidson Ian Davis Barbara M Willey Keyro Rizg Shelly Bolotin Vanessa Porter Jane Polsky Nick Daneman Allison McGeer Paul Yang Dennis Scolnik Roy Rowsell Olga Imas Michael S Silverman |
| author_sort | Ross J Davidson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is thought to develop only in the presence of antibiotic pressure. Here we show evidence to suggest that fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli has developed in the absence of fluoroquinolone use.<h4>Methods</h4>Over 4 years, outreach clinic attendees in one moderately remote and five very remote villages in rural Guyana were surveyed for the presence of rectal carriage of ciprofloxacin-resistant gram-negative bacilli (GNB). Drinking water was tested for the presence of resistant GNB by culture, and the presence of antibacterial agents and chloroquine by HPLC. The development of ciprofloxacin resistance in E. coli was examined after serial exposure to chloroquine. Patient and laboratory isolates of E. coli resistant to ciprofloxacin were assessed by PCR-sequencing for quinolone-resistance-determining-region (QRDR) mutations.<h4>Results</h4>In the very remote villages, 4.8% of patients carried ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli with QRDR mutations despite no local availability of quinolones. However, there had been extensive local use of chloroquine, with higher prevalence of resistance seen in the villages shortly after a Plasmodium vivax epidemic (p<0.01). Antibacterial agents were not found in the drinking water, but chloroquine was demonstrated to be present. Chloroquine was found to inhibit the growth of E. coli in vitro. Replica plating demonstrated that 2-step QRDR mutations could be induced in E. coli in response to chloroquine.<h4>Conclusions</h4>In these remote communities, the heavy use of chloroquine to treat malaria likely selected for ciprofloxacin resistance in E. coli. This may be an important public health problem in malarious areas. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T07:48:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cb3e719463914f0fabc989a7b51f524f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T07:48:45Z |
| publishDate | 2008-07-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-cb3e719463914f0fabc989a7b51f524f2022-12-21T23:10:48ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032008-07-0137e272710.1371/journal.pone.0002727Antimalarial therapy selection for quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli in the absence of quinolone exposure, in tropical South America.Ross J DavidsonIan DavisBarbara M WilleyKeyro RizgShelly BolotinVanessa PorterJane PolskyNick DanemanAllison McGeerPaul YangDennis ScolnikRoy RowsellOlga ImasMichael S Silverman<h4>Background</h4>Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is thought to develop only in the presence of antibiotic pressure. Here we show evidence to suggest that fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli has developed in the absence of fluoroquinolone use.<h4>Methods</h4>Over 4 years, outreach clinic attendees in one moderately remote and five very remote villages in rural Guyana were surveyed for the presence of rectal carriage of ciprofloxacin-resistant gram-negative bacilli (GNB). Drinking water was tested for the presence of resistant GNB by culture, and the presence of antibacterial agents and chloroquine by HPLC. The development of ciprofloxacin resistance in E. coli was examined after serial exposure to chloroquine. Patient and laboratory isolates of E. coli resistant to ciprofloxacin were assessed by PCR-sequencing for quinolone-resistance-determining-region (QRDR) mutations.<h4>Results</h4>In the very remote villages, 4.8% of patients carried ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli with QRDR mutations despite no local availability of quinolones. However, there had been extensive local use of chloroquine, with higher prevalence of resistance seen in the villages shortly after a Plasmodium vivax epidemic (p<0.01). Antibacterial agents were not found in the drinking water, but chloroquine was demonstrated to be present. Chloroquine was found to inhibit the growth of E. coli in vitro. Replica plating demonstrated that 2-step QRDR mutations could be induced in E. coli in response to chloroquine.<h4>Conclusions</h4>In these remote communities, the heavy use of chloroquine to treat malaria likely selected for ciprofloxacin resistance in E. coli. This may be an important public health problem in malarious areas.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/18648533/pdf/?tool=EBI |
| spellingShingle | Ross J Davidson Ian Davis Barbara M Willey Keyro Rizg Shelly Bolotin Vanessa Porter Jane Polsky Nick Daneman Allison McGeer Paul Yang Dennis Scolnik Roy Rowsell Olga Imas Michael S Silverman Antimalarial therapy selection for quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli in the absence of quinolone exposure, in tropical South America. PLoS ONE |
| title | Antimalarial therapy selection for quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli in the absence of quinolone exposure, in tropical South America. |
| title_full | Antimalarial therapy selection for quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli in the absence of quinolone exposure, in tropical South America. |
| title_fullStr | Antimalarial therapy selection for quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli in the absence of quinolone exposure, in tropical South America. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antimalarial therapy selection for quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli in the absence of quinolone exposure, in tropical South America. |
| title_short | Antimalarial therapy selection for quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli in the absence of quinolone exposure, in tropical South America. |
| title_sort | antimalarial therapy selection for quinolone resistance among escherichia coli in the absence of quinolone exposure in tropical south america |
| url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/18648533/pdf/?tool=EBI |
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