Solid Lubrication at High-Temperatures—A Review
Understanding the complex nature of wear behavior of materials at high-temperature is of fundamental importance for several engineering applications, including metal processing (cutting, forming, forging), internal combustion engines, etc. At high temperatures (up to 1000 °C), the material removal i...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-02-01
|
| Series: | Materials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/5/1695 |
| _version_ | 1797474670099824640 |
|---|---|
| author | Rahul Kumar Irina Hussainova Ramin Rahmani Maksim Antonov |
| author_facet | Rahul Kumar Irina Hussainova Ramin Rahmani Maksim Antonov |
| author_sort | Rahul Kumar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Understanding the complex nature of wear behavior of materials at high-temperature is of fundamental importance for several engineering applications, including metal processing (cutting, forming, forging), internal combustion engines, etc. At high temperatures (up to 1000 °C), the material removal is majorly governed by the changes in surface reactivity and wear mechanisms. The use of lubricants to minimize friction, wear and flash temperature to prevent seizing is a common approach in engine tribology. However, the degradation of conventional liquid-based lubricants at temperatures beyond 300 °C, in addition to its harmful effects on human and environmental health, is deeply concerning. Solid lubricants are a group of compounds exploiting the benefit of wear diminishing mechanisms over a wide range of operating temperatures. The materials incorporated with solid lubricants are herein called ‘self-lubricating’ materials. Moreover, the possibility to omit the use of conventional liquid-based lubricants is perceived. The objective of the present paper is to review the current state-of-the-art in solid-lubricating materials operating under dry wear conditions. By opening with a brief summary of the understanding of solid lubrication at a high temperature, the article initially describes the recent developments in the field. The mechanisms of formation and the nature of tribo-films (or layers) during high-temperature wear are discussed in detail. The trends and ways of further development of the solid-lubricating materials and their future evolutions are identified. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:33:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cb3f43aae3814606a770d142a593d047 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:33:26Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-cb3f43aae3814606a770d142a593d0472023-11-23T23:17:26ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-02-01155169510.3390/ma15051695Solid Lubrication at High-Temperatures—A ReviewRahul Kumar0Irina Hussainova1Ramin Rahmani2Maksim Antonov3Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, EstoniaDepartment of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, EstoniaDepartment of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, EstoniaDepartment of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, EstoniaUnderstanding the complex nature of wear behavior of materials at high-temperature is of fundamental importance for several engineering applications, including metal processing (cutting, forming, forging), internal combustion engines, etc. At high temperatures (up to 1000 °C), the material removal is majorly governed by the changes in surface reactivity and wear mechanisms. The use of lubricants to minimize friction, wear and flash temperature to prevent seizing is a common approach in engine tribology. However, the degradation of conventional liquid-based lubricants at temperatures beyond 300 °C, in addition to its harmful effects on human and environmental health, is deeply concerning. Solid lubricants are a group of compounds exploiting the benefit of wear diminishing mechanisms over a wide range of operating temperatures. The materials incorporated with solid lubricants are herein called ‘self-lubricating’ materials. Moreover, the possibility to omit the use of conventional liquid-based lubricants is perceived. The objective of the present paper is to review the current state-of-the-art in solid-lubricating materials operating under dry wear conditions. By opening with a brief summary of the understanding of solid lubrication at a high temperature, the article initially describes the recent developments in the field. The mechanisms of formation and the nature of tribo-films (or layers) during high-temperature wear are discussed in detail. The trends and ways of further development of the solid-lubricating materials and their future evolutions are identified.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/5/1695self-lubricationsolid lubricantsweartribologyhigh temperaturefriction |
| spellingShingle | Rahul Kumar Irina Hussainova Ramin Rahmani Maksim Antonov Solid Lubrication at High-Temperatures—A Review Materials self-lubrication solid lubricants wear tribology high temperature friction |
| title | Solid Lubrication at High-Temperatures—A Review |
| title_full | Solid Lubrication at High-Temperatures—A Review |
| title_fullStr | Solid Lubrication at High-Temperatures—A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Solid Lubrication at High-Temperatures—A Review |
| title_short | Solid Lubrication at High-Temperatures—A Review |
| title_sort | solid lubrication at high temperatures a review |
| topic | self-lubrication solid lubricants wear tribology high temperature friction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/5/1695 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rahulkumar solidlubricationathightemperaturesareview AT irinahussainova solidlubricationathightemperaturesareview AT raminrahmani solidlubricationathightemperaturesareview AT maksimantonov solidlubricationathightemperaturesareview |