Anorexia Nervosa Is Associated with a Shift to Pro-Atherogenic Low-Density Lipoprotein Subclasses
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder affecting primarily female adolescents and younger adults. The energy deprivation associated with AN has been shown to alter lipoprotein metabolism, which may affect cardiovascular risk. However, the mechanisms leading to alterations in the compositi...
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/4/895 |
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| author | Julia T. Stadler Sonja Lackner Sabrina Mörkl Nathalie Meier-Allard Hubert Scharnagl Alankrita Rani Harald Mangge Sieglinde Zelzer Sandra J. Holasek Gunther Marsche |
| author_facet | Julia T. Stadler Sonja Lackner Sabrina Mörkl Nathalie Meier-Allard Hubert Scharnagl Alankrita Rani Harald Mangge Sieglinde Zelzer Sandra J. Holasek Gunther Marsche |
| author_sort | Julia T. Stadler |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder affecting primarily female adolescents and younger adults. The energy deprivation associated with AN has been shown to alter lipoprotein metabolism, which may affect cardiovascular risk. However, the mechanisms leading to alterations in the composition, structure, and function of lipoproteins in AN patients are not well-understood yet. Here, we investigated the lipid abnormalities associated with AN, particularly changes in the distribution, composition, metabolism, and function of lipoprotein subclasses. In this exploratory study, we analyzed serum samples of 18 women diagnosed with AN (BMI < 17.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) and 24 normal-weight women (BMI from 18.5–24.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). Using the Quantimetrix Lipoprint<sup>®</sup> system, we determined low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subclass distribution, including quantitative measurements of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclass distribution. We quantified the most abundant apolipoproteins of HDL and assessed lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and cholesteryl-ester transfer protein (CETP) activities. In addition, anti-oxidative capacity of apoB-depleted serum and functional metrics of HDL, including cholesterol efflux capacity and paraoxonase activity were assessed. The atherogenic lipoprotein subclasses VLDL and small LDL particles were increased in AN. Levels of VLDL correlated significantly with CETP activity (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.432, <i>p</i> = 0.005). AN was accompanied by changes in the content of HDL-associated apolipoproteins involved in triglyceride catabolism, such as apolipoprotein C-II (+24%) and apoA-II (−27%), whereas HDL-associated cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides were not altered. Moreover, AN did not affect HDL subclass distribution, cholesterol efflux capacity, and paraoxonase activity. We observed a shift to more atherogenic lipoprotein subclasses in AN patients, whereas HDL functionality and subclass distribution were not altered. This finding underpins potential detrimental effects of AN on lipid metabolism and the cardiovascular system by increasing atherosclerotic risk factors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:07:30Z |
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| id | doaj.art-cb4b0a2dc3684a52b10772a9970e0715 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:07:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-cb4b0a2dc3684a52b10772a9970e07152023-12-01T00:55:01ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592022-04-0110489510.3390/biomedicines10040895Anorexia Nervosa Is Associated with a Shift to Pro-Atherogenic Low-Density Lipoprotein SubclassesJulia T. Stadler0Sonja Lackner1Sabrina Mörkl2Nathalie Meier-Allard3Hubert Scharnagl4Alankrita Rani5Harald Mangge6Sieglinde Zelzer7Sandra J. Holasek8Gunther Marsche9Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, AustriaDivision of Immunology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31a, 8010 Graz, AustriaDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036 Graz, AustriaDivision of Immunology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31a, 8010 Graz, AustriaClinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, AustriaDivision of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, AustriaClinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, AustriaClinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, AustriaDivision of Immunology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31a, 8010 Graz, AustriaDivision of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, AustriaAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder affecting primarily female adolescents and younger adults. The energy deprivation associated with AN has been shown to alter lipoprotein metabolism, which may affect cardiovascular risk. However, the mechanisms leading to alterations in the composition, structure, and function of lipoproteins in AN patients are not well-understood yet. Here, we investigated the lipid abnormalities associated with AN, particularly changes in the distribution, composition, metabolism, and function of lipoprotein subclasses. In this exploratory study, we analyzed serum samples of 18 women diagnosed with AN (BMI < 17.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) and 24 normal-weight women (BMI from 18.5–24.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). Using the Quantimetrix Lipoprint<sup>®</sup> system, we determined low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subclass distribution, including quantitative measurements of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclass distribution. We quantified the most abundant apolipoproteins of HDL and assessed lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and cholesteryl-ester transfer protein (CETP) activities. In addition, anti-oxidative capacity of apoB-depleted serum and functional metrics of HDL, including cholesterol efflux capacity and paraoxonase activity were assessed. The atherogenic lipoprotein subclasses VLDL and small LDL particles were increased in AN. Levels of VLDL correlated significantly with CETP activity (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.432, <i>p</i> = 0.005). AN was accompanied by changes in the content of HDL-associated apolipoproteins involved in triglyceride catabolism, such as apolipoprotein C-II (+24%) and apoA-II (−27%), whereas HDL-associated cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides were not altered. Moreover, AN did not affect HDL subclass distribution, cholesterol efflux capacity, and paraoxonase activity. We observed a shift to more atherogenic lipoprotein subclasses in AN patients, whereas HDL functionality and subclass distribution were not altered. This finding underpins potential detrimental effects of AN on lipid metabolism and the cardiovascular system by increasing atherosclerotic risk factors.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/4/895anorexia nervosalipoprotein subclassesVLDLsmall LDL particlesHDL function CETPLCAT |
| spellingShingle | Julia T. Stadler Sonja Lackner Sabrina Mörkl Nathalie Meier-Allard Hubert Scharnagl Alankrita Rani Harald Mangge Sieglinde Zelzer Sandra J. Holasek Gunther Marsche Anorexia Nervosa Is Associated with a Shift to Pro-Atherogenic Low-Density Lipoprotein Subclasses Biomedicines anorexia nervosa lipoprotein subclasses VLDL small LDL particles HDL function CETP LCAT |
| title | Anorexia Nervosa Is Associated with a Shift to Pro-Atherogenic Low-Density Lipoprotein Subclasses |
| title_full | Anorexia Nervosa Is Associated with a Shift to Pro-Atherogenic Low-Density Lipoprotein Subclasses |
| title_fullStr | Anorexia Nervosa Is Associated with a Shift to Pro-Atherogenic Low-Density Lipoprotein Subclasses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anorexia Nervosa Is Associated with a Shift to Pro-Atherogenic Low-Density Lipoprotein Subclasses |
| title_short | Anorexia Nervosa Is Associated with a Shift to Pro-Atherogenic Low-Density Lipoprotein Subclasses |
| title_sort | anorexia nervosa is associated with a shift to pro atherogenic low density lipoprotein subclasses |
| topic | anorexia nervosa lipoprotein subclasses VLDL small LDL particles HDL function CETP LCAT |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/4/895 |
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