In Vitro Effect of the Traditional Medicine Hainosan (Painongsan) on <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>
<b>Background</b>: Hainosan (Painongsan) is a traditional Japanese and Chinese medicine that is used to treat several purulent diseases, including gingivitis and periodontitis. This formulation contains three crude drug components: The dried immature fruit of <i>Citrus aurantium<...
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MDPI AG
2019-05-01
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| Series: | Medicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6320/6/2/58 |
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| author | Masaaki Minami Hiroshi Takase Masayo Taira Toshiaki Makino |
| author_facet | Masaaki Minami Hiroshi Takase Masayo Taira Toshiaki Makino |
| author_sort | Masaaki Minami |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background</b>: Hainosan (Painongsan) is a traditional Japanese and Chinese medicine that is used to treat several purulent diseases, including gingivitis and periodontitis. This formulation contains three crude drug components: The dried immature fruit of <i>Citrus aurantium</i> (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), the dried root of <i>Paeonia lactiflora</i> (Paeoniae Radix), and the dried root of <i>Platycodon grandiflorum</i> (Platycodi Radix). Here we evaluated the in vitro antibacterial effects of hainosan extract (HNS) and extracts of its three components against <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>, one of the pathogenic bacteria that causes periodontitis. <b>Methods:</b> The antibacterial activities of HNS and its components were examined by counting the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) and through transmission electron microscopy. <b>Results:</b> We found that HNS had direct antibacterial activity against three <i>P. gingivalis</i> isolates (JCM12257, JCM8525, and JCM19600), with HNS-treated cells being significantly smaller than those of untreated bacteria. Extracts of Platycodi Radix and Paeoniae Radix significantly suppressed the growth of <i>P. gingivalis</i> in a dose-dependent manner, with Platycodi Radix extract having the greatest antibacterial effect. In addition, <i>P. gingivalis</i> that were treated with Platycodi Radix extract were significantly larger than those treated with Aurantii Fructus Immaturus or Paeoniae Radix extracts. Further analysis showed that platycodin D, which is one of the ingredients of Platycodi Radix, reduced bacterial growth. <b>Conclusions:</b> Platycodi Radix is the active component in Hainosan and may represent a useful agent for the treatment of <i>P. gingivalis</i>-induced gingivitis and periodontitis. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T08:11:56Z |
| publishDate | 2019-05-01 |
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| series | Medicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-cb56ddd6228042daa6d691dd183004d12022-12-21T23:54:12ZengMDPI AGMedicines2305-63202019-05-01625810.3390/medicines6020058medicines6020058In Vitro Effect of the Traditional Medicine Hainosan (Painongsan) on <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>Masaaki Minami0Hiroshi Takase1Masayo Taira2Toshiaki Makino3Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, JapanCore Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, JapanJPS Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 4-42-22 Higashiyamata, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama 224-0023, JapanDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan<b>Background</b>: Hainosan (Painongsan) is a traditional Japanese and Chinese medicine that is used to treat several purulent diseases, including gingivitis and periodontitis. This formulation contains three crude drug components: The dried immature fruit of <i>Citrus aurantium</i> (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), the dried root of <i>Paeonia lactiflora</i> (Paeoniae Radix), and the dried root of <i>Platycodon grandiflorum</i> (Platycodi Radix). Here we evaluated the in vitro antibacterial effects of hainosan extract (HNS) and extracts of its three components against <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>, one of the pathogenic bacteria that causes periodontitis. <b>Methods:</b> The antibacterial activities of HNS and its components were examined by counting the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) and through transmission electron microscopy. <b>Results:</b> We found that HNS had direct antibacterial activity against three <i>P. gingivalis</i> isolates (JCM12257, JCM8525, and JCM19600), with HNS-treated cells being significantly smaller than those of untreated bacteria. Extracts of Platycodi Radix and Paeoniae Radix significantly suppressed the growth of <i>P. gingivalis</i> in a dose-dependent manner, with Platycodi Radix extract having the greatest antibacterial effect. In addition, <i>P. gingivalis</i> that were treated with Platycodi Radix extract were significantly larger than those treated with Aurantii Fructus Immaturus or Paeoniae Radix extracts. Further analysis showed that platycodin D, which is one of the ingredients of Platycodi Radix, reduced bacterial growth. <b>Conclusions:</b> Platycodi Radix is the active component in Hainosan and may represent a useful agent for the treatment of <i>P. gingivalis</i>-induced gingivitis and periodontitis.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6320/6/2/58HainosanPlatycodi Radixplatycodin D<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>gingivitisperiodontitis |
| spellingShingle | Masaaki Minami Hiroshi Takase Masayo Taira Toshiaki Makino In Vitro Effect of the Traditional Medicine Hainosan (Painongsan) on <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> Medicines Hainosan Platycodi Radix platycodin D <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> gingivitis periodontitis |
| title | In Vitro Effect of the Traditional Medicine Hainosan (Painongsan) on <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> |
| title_full | In Vitro Effect of the Traditional Medicine Hainosan (Painongsan) on <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> |
| title_fullStr | In Vitro Effect of the Traditional Medicine Hainosan (Painongsan) on <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Vitro Effect of the Traditional Medicine Hainosan (Painongsan) on <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> |
| title_short | In Vitro Effect of the Traditional Medicine Hainosan (Painongsan) on <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> |
| title_sort | in vitro effect of the traditional medicine hainosan painongsan on i porphyromonas gingivalis i |
| topic | Hainosan Platycodi Radix platycodin D <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> gingivitis periodontitis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6320/6/2/58 |
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