Monitoring the Growth of a Microbubble Generated Photothermally onto an Optical Fiber by Means Fabry–Perot Interferometry
In the present paper, we show the experimental measurement of the growth of a microbubble created on the tip of a single mode optical fiber, in which zinc nanoparticles were photodeposited on its core by using a single laser source to carry out both the generation of the microbubble by photothermal...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/2/628 |
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| author | J. Gabriel Ortega-Mendoza Placido Zaca-Morán J. Pablo Padilla-Martínez Josué E. Muñoz-Pérez José Luis Cruz Miguel V. Andrés |
| author_facet | J. Gabriel Ortega-Mendoza Placido Zaca-Morán J. Pablo Padilla-Martínez Josué E. Muñoz-Pérez José Luis Cruz Miguel V. Andrés |
| author_sort | J. Gabriel Ortega-Mendoza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the present paper, we show the experimental measurement of the growth of a microbubble created on the tip of a single mode optical fiber, in which zinc nanoparticles were photodeposited on its core by using a single laser source to carry out both the generation of the microbubble by photothermal effect and the monitoring of the microbubble diameter. The photodeposition technique, as well as the formation of the microbubble, was carried out by using a single-mode pigtailed laser diode with emission at a wavelength of 658 nm. The microbubble’s growth was analyzed in the time domain by the analysis of the Fabry–Perot cavity, whose diameter was calculated with the number of interference fringes visualized in an oscilloscope. The results obtained with this technique were compared with images obtained from a CCD camera, in order to verify the diameter of the microbubble. Therefore, by counting the interference fringes, it was possible to quantify the temporal evolution of the microbubble. As a practical demonstration, we proposed a vibrometer sensor using microbubbles with sizes of 83 and 175 µm as a Fabry–Perot cavity; through the time period of a full oscillation cycle of an interferogram observed in the oscilloscope, it was possible to know the frequency vibration (500 and 1500 Hz) for a cuvette where the microbubble was created. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:29:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cb5b531baee345c68d6aca4deaf27df5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:29:08Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-cb5b531baee345c68d6aca4deaf27df52023-12-03T13:38:31ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-01-0121262810.3390/s21020628Monitoring the Growth of a Microbubble Generated Photothermally onto an Optical Fiber by Means Fabry–Perot InterferometryJ. Gabriel Ortega-Mendoza0Placido Zaca-Morán1J. Pablo Padilla-Martínez2Josué E. Muñoz-Pérez3José Luis Cruz4Miguel V. Andrés5División de Posgrado, Universidad Politécnica de Tulancingo, Tulancingo de Bravo, Hidalgo C.P. 43629, MexicoInstituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ecocampus Valsequillo, Puebla C.P. 72960, MexicoInstituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ecocampus Valsequillo, Puebla C.P. 72960, MexicoDivisión de Posgrado, Universidad Politécnica de Tulancingo, Tulancingo de Bravo, Hidalgo C.P. 43629, MexicoDepartamento de Física Aplicada y Electromagnetismo, Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, SpainDepartamento de Física Aplicada y Electromagnetismo, Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, SpainIn the present paper, we show the experimental measurement of the growth of a microbubble created on the tip of a single mode optical fiber, in which zinc nanoparticles were photodeposited on its core by using a single laser source to carry out both the generation of the microbubble by photothermal effect and the monitoring of the microbubble diameter. The photodeposition technique, as well as the formation of the microbubble, was carried out by using a single-mode pigtailed laser diode with emission at a wavelength of 658 nm. The microbubble’s growth was analyzed in the time domain by the analysis of the Fabry–Perot cavity, whose diameter was calculated with the number of interference fringes visualized in an oscilloscope. The results obtained with this technique were compared with images obtained from a CCD camera, in order to verify the diameter of the microbubble. Therefore, by counting the interference fringes, it was possible to quantify the temporal evolution of the microbubble. As a practical demonstration, we proposed a vibrometer sensor using microbubbles with sizes of 83 and 175 µm as a Fabry–Perot cavity; through the time period of a full oscillation cycle of an interferogram observed in the oscilloscope, it was possible to know the frequency vibration (500 and 1500 Hz) for a cuvette where the microbubble was created.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/2/628microbubbleFabry–Perotoptical fibercavityvibrometer |
| spellingShingle | J. Gabriel Ortega-Mendoza Placido Zaca-Morán J. Pablo Padilla-Martínez Josué E. Muñoz-Pérez José Luis Cruz Miguel V. Andrés Monitoring the Growth of a Microbubble Generated Photothermally onto an Optical Fiber by Means Fabry–Perot Interferometry Sensors microbubble Fabry–Perot optical fiber cavity vibrometer |
| title | Monitoring the Growth of a Microbubble Generated Photothermally onto an Optical Fiber by Means Fabry–Perot Interferometry |
| title_full | Monitoring the Growth of a Microbubble Generated Photothermally onto an Optical Fiber by Means Fabry–Perot Interferometry |
| title_fullStr | Monitoring the Growth of a Microbubble Generated Photothermally onto an Optical Fiber by Means Fabry–Perot Interferometry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Monitoring the Growth of a Microbubble Generated Photothermally onto an Optical Fiber by Means Fabry–Perot Interferometry |
| title_short | Monitoring the Growth of a Microbubble Generated Photothermally onto an Optical Fiber by Means Fabry–Perot Interferometry |
| title_sort | monitoring the growth of a microbubble generated photothermally onto an optical fiber by means fabry perot interferometry |
| topic | microbubble Fabry–Perot optical fiber cavity vibrometer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/2/628 |
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