3D-printed Ag/AgCl pseudo-reference electrodes
Three-dimensional (3D) printing offers the advantages of customisation, reproducibility and rapid production. In parallel, there is a demand for electrochemical components designed for miniaturisation or customisation of devices. Herein we report a straightforward, fast and simple method to prepare...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2019-06-01
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| Series: | Electrochemistry Communications |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1388248119301183 |
| _version_ | 1819060460553502720 |
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| author | Nasuha Rohaizad Carmen C. Mayorga-Martinez Filip Novotný Richard D. Webster Martin Pumera |
| author_facet | Nasuha Rohaizad Carmen C. Mayorga-Martinez Filip Novotný Richard D. Webster Martin Pumera |
| author_sort | Nasuha Rohaizad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Three-dimensional (3D) printing offers the advantages of customisation, reproducibility and rapid production. In parallel, there is a demand for electrochemical components designed for miniaturisation or customisation of devices. Herein we report a straightforward, fast and simple method to prepare an Ag/AgCl pseudo-reference electrode primarily based on 3D printing using a graphene/polylactic acid filament. The fabrication process involves electrodeposition of silver followed by bleaching to form AgCl on the surface of the electrode. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirm the fabrication process. Open circuit potential measurements against commercial Ag/AgCl reference electrodes reveal a difference of 14 ± 0.3 mV. Nonetheless, the values are stable and reproducible, fulfilling the necessary requirements of a reference electrode. The performance of the 3D-printed pseudo-reference electrode was tested via cyclic voltammetry in two redox systems, [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− and [Ru(NH3)6]2+/3+. Fabrication of stable 3D-printed reference electrodes represents a key step in the production of fully 3D-printable electrochemical systems. Keywords: 3D print, Additive manufacturing, Fused deposition modeling, Graphene/polylactic acid, Electrodeposition, Reference electrode |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T14:27:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cb656c20d6c944b181aa77f277ec1acf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1388-2481 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T14:27:21Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Electrochemistry Communications |
| spelling | doaj.art-cb656c20d6c944b181aa77f277ec1acf2022-12-21T19:00:36ZengElsevierElectrochemistry Communications1388-24812019-06-011031041083D-printed Ag/AgCl pseudo-reference electrodesNasuha Rohaizad0Carmen C. Mayorga-Martinez1Filip Novotný2Richard D. Webster3Martin Pumera4NTU Institute for Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, SingaporeCenter for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Czech RepublicCenter for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Czech RepublicDivision of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, SingaporeCenter for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Czech Republic; Future Energy and Innovation Lab, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, Brno CZ-616 00, Czech Republic; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; Corresponding author at: Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Czech Republic.Three-dimensional (3D) printing offers the advantages of customisation, reproducibility and rapid production. In parallel, there is a demand for electrochemical components designed for miniaturisation or customisation of devices. Herein we report a straightforward, fast and simple method to prepare an Ag/AgCl pseudo-reference electrode primarily based on 3D printing using a graphene/polylactic acid filament. The fabrication process involves electrodeposition of silver followed by bleaching to form AgCl on the surface of the electrode. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirm the fabrication process. Open circuit potential measurements against commercial Ag/AgCl reference electrodes reveal a difference of 14 ± 0.3 mV. Nonetheless, the values are stable and reproducible, fulfilling the necessary requirements of a reference electrode. The performance of the 3D-printed pseudo-reference electrode was tested via cyclic voltammetry in two redox systems, [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− and [Ru(NH3)6]2+/3+. Fabrication of stable 3D-printed reference electrodes represents a key step in the production of fully 3D-printable electrochemical systems. Keywords: 3D print, Additive manufacturing, Fused deposition modeling, Graphene/polylactic acid, Electrodeposition, Reference electrodehttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1388248119301183 |
| spellingShingle | Nasuha Rohaizad Carmen C. Mayorga-Martinez Filip Novotný Richard D. Webster Martin Pumera 3D-printed Ag/AgCl pseudo-reference electrodes Electrochemistry Communications |
| title | 3D-printed Ag/AgCl pseudo-reference electrodes |
| title_full | 3D-printed Ag/AgCl pseudo-reference electrodes |
| title_fullStr | 3D-printed Ag/AgCl pseudo-reference electrodes |
| title_full_unstemmed | 3D-printed Ag/AgCl pseudo-reference electrodes |
| title_short | 3D-printed Ag/AgCl pseudo-reference electrodes |
| title_sort | 3d printed ag agcl pseudo reference electrodes |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1388248119301183 |
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