An Overview of Groundwater Monitoring through Point-to Satellite-Based Techniques
Groundwater supplies approximately half of the total global domestic water demand. It also complements the seasonal and annual variabilities of surface water. Monitoring of groundwater fluctuations is mandatory to envisage the composition of terrestrial water storage. This research provides an overv...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/4/565 |
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| author | Amjad Masood Muhammad Atiq Ur Rahman Tariq Muhammad Zia Ur Rahman Hashmi Muhammad Waseem Muhammad Kaleem Sarwar Wasif Ali Rashid Farooq Mansour Almazroui Anne W. M. Ng |
| author_facet | Amjad Masood Muhammad Atiq Ur Rahman Tariq Muhammad Zia Ur Rahman Hashmi Muhammad Waseem Muhammad Kaleem Sarwar Wasif Ali Rashid Farooq Mansour Almazroui Anne W. M. Ng |
| author_sort | Amjad Masood |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Groundwater supplies approximately half of the total global domestic water demand. It also complements the seasonal and annual variabilities of surface water. Monitoring of groundwater fluctuations is mandatory to envisage the composition of terrestrial water storage. This research provides an overview of traditional techniques and detailed discussion on the modern tools and methods to monitor groundwater fluctuations along with advanced applications. The groundwater monitoring can broadly be classified into three groups. The first one is characterized by the point measurement to measure the groundwater levels using classical instruments and electronic and physical investigation techniques. The second category involves the extensive use of satellite data to ensure robust and cost-effective real-time monitoring to assess the groundwater storage variations. Many satellite data are in use to find groundwater indirectly. However, GRACE satellite data supported with other satellite products, computational tools, GIS techniques, and hydro-climate models have proven the most effective for groundwater resources management. The third category is groundwater numerical modeling, which is a very useful tool to evaluate and project groundwater resources in future. Groundwater numerical modeling also depends upon the point-based groundwater monitoring, so more research to improve point-based detection methods using latest technologies is required, as these still play the baseline role. GRACE and numerical groundwater modeling are suggested to be used conjunctively to assess the groundwater resources more efficiently. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:51:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cb79ce95797f4a298f8e64c02c91e569 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:51:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-cb79ce95797f4a298f8e64c02c91e5692023-11-23T22:33:58ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412022-02-0114456510.3390/w14040565An Overview of Groundwater Monitoring through Point-to Satellite-Based TechniquesAmjad Masood0Muhammad Atiq Ur Rahman Tariq1Muhammad Zia Ur Rahman Hashmi2Muhammad Waseem3Muhammad Kaleem Sarwar4Wasif Ali5Rashid Farooq6Mansour Almazroui7Anne W. M. Ng8Water Resources and Glaciology Section, Global Change Impact Studies Centre, Islamabad 44000, PakistanCollege of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, AustraliaWater Resources and Glaciology Section, Global Change Impact Studies Centre, Islamabad 44000, PakistanDepartment of Civil Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi 23460, PakistanCentre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, PakistanEngineering Contrivers, 27-Ahmad Hassan Road, Ameer-ud-Din Park, Al-Faisal Town, Lahore 54840, PakistanDepartment of Civil Engineering, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, PakistanCenter of Excellence for Climate Change Research, Department of Meteorology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Engineering, Information Technology and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Dr, Brinkin, NT 0810, AustraliaGroundwater supplies approximately half of the total global domestic water demand. It also complements the seasonal and annual variabilities of surface water. Monitoring of groundwater fluctuations is mandatory to envisage the composition of terrestrial water storage. This research provides an overview of traditional techniques and detailed discussion on the modern tools and methods to monitor groundwater fluctuations along with advanced applications. The groundwater monitoring can broadly be classified into three groups. The first one is characterized by the point measurement to measure the groundwater levels using classical instruments and electronic and physical investigation techniques. The second category involves the extensive use of satellite data to ensure robust and cost-effective real-time monitoring to assess the groundwater storage variations. Many satellite data are in use to find groundwater indirectly. However, GRACE satellite data supported with other satellite products, computational tools, GIS techniques, and hydro-climate models have proven the most effective for groundwater resources management. The third category is groundwater numerical modeling, which is a very useful tool to evaluate and project groundwater resources in future. Groundwater numerical modeling also depends upon the point-based groundwater monitoring, so more research to improve point-based detection methods using latest technologies is required, as these still play the baseline role. GRACE and numerical groundwater modeling are suggested to be used conjunctively to assess the groundwater resources more efficiently.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/4/565groundwater level fluctuationsgroundwater monitoringpoint based monitoringgeophysicsnumerical modelingsatellite-based monitoring |
| spellingShingle | Amjad Masood Muhammad Atiq Ur Rahman Tariq Muhammad Zia Ur Rahman Hashmi Muhammad Waseem Muhammad Kaleem Sarwar Wasif Ali Rashid Farooq Mansour Almazroui Anne W. M. Ng An Overview of Groundwater Monitoring through Point-to Satellite-Based Techniques Water groundwater level fluctuations groundwater monitoring point based monitoring geophysics numerical modeling satellite-based monitoring |
| title | An Overview of Groundwater Monitoring through Point-to Satellite-Based Techniques |
| title_full | An Overview of Groundwater Monitoring through Point-to Satellite-Based Techniques |
| title_fullStr | An Overview of Groundwater Monitoring through Point-to Satellite-Based Techniques |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Overview of Groundwater Monitoring through Point-to Satellite-Based Techniques |
| title_short | An Overview of Groundwater Monitoring through Point-to Satellite-Based Techniques |
| title_sort | overview of groundwater monitoring through point to satellite based techniques |
| topic | groundwater level fluctuations groundwater monitoring point based monitoring geophysics numerical modeling satellite-based monitoring |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/4/565 |
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