Galileo E5 AltBOC Signals: Application for Single-Frequency Total Electron Content Estimations
Global navigation satellite system signals are known to be an efficient tool to monitor the Earth ionosphere. We suggest Galileo E5 AltBOC phase and pseudorange observables—a single-frequency combination—to estimate the ionospheric total electron content (TEC). We performed a one-month campaign in S...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/19/3973 |
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| author | Artem M. Padokhin Anna A. Mylnikova Yury V. Yasyukevich Yury V. Morozov Gregory A. Kurbatov Artem M. Vesnin |
| author_facet | Artem M. Padokhin Anna A. Mylnikova Yury V. Yasyukevich Yury V. Morozov Gregory A. Kurbatov Artem M. Vesnin |
| author_sort | Artem M. Padokhin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Global navigation satellite system signals are known to be an efficient tool to monitor the Earth ionosphere. We suggest Galileo E5 AltBOC phase and pseudorange observables—a single-frequency combination—to estimate the ionospheric total electron content (TEC). We performed a one-month campaign in September 2020 to compare the noise level for different TEC estimations based on single-frequency and dual-frequency data. Unlike GPS, GLONASS, or Galileo E5a and E5b single-frequency TEC estimations (involving signals with binary and quadrature phase-shift keying, such as BPSK and QPSK, or binary offset carrier (BOC) modulation), an extra wideband Galileo E5 AltBOC signal provided the smallest noise level, comparable to that of dual-frequency GPS. For elevation higher than 60 degrees, the 100 s root-mean-square (RMS) of TEC, an estimated TEC noise proxy, was as follows for different signals: ~0.05 TECU for Galileo E5 AltBOC, 0.09 TECU for GPS L5, ~0.1TECU for Galileo E5a/E5b BPSK, and 0.85 TECU for Galileo E1 CBOC. Dual-frequency phase combinations provided RMS values of 0.03 TECU for Galileo E1/E5, 0.03 and 0.07 TECU for GPS L1/L2 and L1/L5. At low elevations, E5 AltBOC provided at least twice less single-frequency TEC noise as compared with data obtained from E5a or E5b. The short dataset of our study could limit the obtained estimates; however, we expect that the AltBOC single-frequency TEC will still surpass the BPSK analogue in noise parameters when the solar cycle evolves and geomagnetic activity increases. Therefore, AltBOC signals could advance geoscience. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:52:28Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:52:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-cb879517e49a4b33ab200e4df858f2432023-11-22T16:43:35ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922021-10-011319397310.3390/rs13193973Galileo E5 AltBOC Signals: Application for Single-Frequency Total Electron Content EstimationsArtem M. Padokhin0Anna A. Mylnikova1Yury V. Yasyukevich2Yury V. Morozov3Gregory A. Kurbatov4Artem M. Vesnin5Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, RussiaFaculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Near-Earth Space Physics, Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS, 664033 Irkutsk, RussiaTrapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences RAS, 117997 Moscow, RussiaFaculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Near-Earth Space Physics, Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS, 664033 Irkutsk, RussiaGlobal navigation satellite system signals are known to be an efficient tool to monitor the Earth ionosphere. We suggest Galileo E5 AltBOC phase and pseudorange observables—a single-frequency combination—to estimate the ionospheric total electron content (TEC). We performed a one-month campaign in September 2020 to compare the noise level for different TEC estimations based on single-frequency and dual-frequency data. Unlike GPS, GLONASS, or Galileo E5a and E5b single-frequency TEC estimations (involving signals with binary and quadrature phase-shift keying, such as BPSK and QPSK, or binary offset carrier (BOC) modulation), an extra wideband Galileo E5 AltBOC signal provided the smallest noise level, comparable to that of dual-frequency GPS. For elevation higher than 60 degrees, the 100 s root-mean-square (RMS) of TEC, an estimated TEC noise proxy, was as follows for different signals: ~0.05 TECU for Galileo E5 AltBOC, 0.09 TECU for GPS L5, ~0.1TECU for Galileo E5a/E5b BPSK, and 0.85 TECU for Galileo E1 CBOC. Dual-frequency phase combinations provided RMS values of 0.03 TECU for Galileo E1/E5, 0.03 and 0.07 TECU for GPS L1/L2 and L1/L5. At low elevations, E5 AltBOC provided at least twice less single-frequency TEC noise as compared with data obtained from E5a or E5b. The short dataset of our study could limit the obtained estimates; however, we expect that the AltBOC single-frequency TEC will still surpass the BPSK analogue in noise parameters when the solar cycle evolves and geomagnetic activity increases. Therefore, AltBOC signals could advance geoscience.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/19/3973Galileototal electron contentAltBOCsingle-frequency TECionosphere |
| spellingShingle | Artem M. Padokhin Anna A. Mylnikova Yury V. Yasyukevich Yury V. Morozov Gregory A. Kurbatov Artem M. Vesnin Galileo E5 AltBOC Signals: Application for Single-Frequency Total Electron Content Estimations Remote Sensing Galileo total electron content AltBOC single-frequency TEC ionosphere |
| title | Galileo E5 AltBOC Signals: Application for Single-Frequency Total Electron Content Estimations |
| title_full | Galileo E5 AltBOC Signals: Application for Single-Frequency Total Electron Content Estimations |
| title_fullStr | Galileo E5 AltBOC Signals: Application for Single-Frequency Total Electron Content Estimations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Galileo E5 AltBOC Signals: Application for Single-Frequency Total Electron Content Estimations |
| title_short | Galileo E5 AltBOC Signals: Application for Single-Frequency Total Electron Content Estimations |
| title_sort | galileo e5 altboc signals application for single frequency total electron content estimations |
| topic | Galileo total electron content AltBOC single-frequency TEC ionosphere |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/19/3973 |
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