3-D Range Imaging Using Stripe-Like Illumination and SPAD-Based Pulsed TOF Techniques
A solid-state three-dimensional (3-D) range imager using the pulsed time-of-flight principle and a single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) based receiver is demonstrated. Contrary to conventional flood illumination, the suggested system uses sequentially scanned illumination stripes to increase the irr...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2024-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Photonics Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10472579/ |
| _version_ | 1797243329681817600 |
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| author | Lauri Hallman Sahba Jahromi Jussi-Pekka Jansson Pekka Keranen Juha Kostamovaara |
| author_facet | Lauri Hallman Sahba Jahromi Jussi-Pekka Jansson Pekka Keranen Juha Kostamovaara |
| author_sort | Lauri Hallman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A solid-state three-dimensional (3-D) range imager using the pulsed time-of-flight principle and a single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) based receiver is demonstrated. Contrary to conventional flood illumination, the suggested system uses sequentially scanned illumination stripes to increase the irradiance under the measured field of view and to reduce the receiver complexity. At equal average illumination power levels this approach increases the signal-to-noise ratio in the receiver enabling thus longer range and/or better performance in high background illumination conditions, albeit at the cost of lower transversal resolution. The transmitter uses eight sequentially driven laser diodes, each of which produces an optical pulse power, length and wavelength of ∼50 W, 2 ns and 905 nm, respectively at a pulse rate of ∼30 kHz so that the total effective pulsing rate is ∼250 kHz and the average illumination power is ∼30 mW. 3-D imaging is demonstrated outdoors in over 50 klux ambient lighting up to ∼10 m distance with 15 Hz frame rate and mm–cm level longitudinal precision in a field of view of about 40 × 10 degrees. The transversal resolution of the system is 16 × 128 pixels. The measurement results show 3-D measurement precision scaling according to the laser pulse width and averaging. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:53:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cb891b64adc04fa58de1680bc8424ee7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1943-0655 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:53:23Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Photonics Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-cb891b64adc04fa58de1680bc8424ee72024-03-26T17:48:01ZengIEEEIEEE Photonics Journal1943-06552024-01-011621710.1109/JPHOT.2024.3373069104725793-D Range Imaging Using Stripe-Like Illumination and SPAD-Based Pulsed TOF TechniquesLauri Hallman0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7271-0189Sahba Jahromi1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3480-3085Jussi-Pekka Jansson2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4256-6702Pekka Keranen3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5447-0866Juha Kostamovaara4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1004-8951Circuits and Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandMurata Electronics Oy, Vantaa, FinlandCircuits and Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandNoptel Ltd., Teknologiantie 2, Oulu, FinlandCircuits and Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandA solid-state three-dimensional (3-D) range imager using the pulsed time-of-flight principle and a single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) based receiver is demonstrated. Contrary to conventional flood illumination, the suggested system uses sequentially scanned illumination stripes to increase the irradiance under the measured field of view and to reduce the receiver complexity. At equal average illumination power levels this approach increases the signal-to-noise ratio in the receiver enabling thus longer range and/or better performance in high background illumination conditions, albeit at the cost of lower transversal resolution. The transmitter uses eight sequentially driven laser diodes, each of which produces an optical pulse power, length and wavelength of ∼50 W, 2 ns and 905 nm, respectively at a pulse rate of ∼30 kHz so that the total effective pulsing rate is ∼250 kHz and the average illumination power is ∼30 mW. 3-D imaging is demonstrated outdoors in over 50 klux ambient lighting up to ∼10 m distance with 15 Hz frame rate and mm–cm level longitudinal precision in a field of view of about 40 × 10 degrees. The transversal resolution of the system is 16 × 128 pixels. The measurement results show 3-D measurement precision scaling according to the laser pulse width and averaging.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10472579/Laser radarLiDARrange imagingsingle photon detection |
| spellingShingle | Lauri Hallman Sahba Jahromi Jussi-Pekka Jansson Pekka Keranen Juha Kostamovaara 3-D Range Imaging Using Stripe-Like Illumination and SPAD-Based Pulsed TOF Techniques IEEE Photonics Journal Laser radar LiDAR range imaging single photon detection |
| title | 3-D Range Imaging Using Stripe-Like Illumination and SPAD-Based Pulsed TOF Techniques |
| title_full | 3-D Range Imaging Using Stripe-Like Illumination and SPAD-Based Pulsed TOF Techniques |
| title_fullStr | 3-D Range Imaging Using Stripe-Like Illumination and SPAD-Based Pulsed TOF Techniques |
| title_full_unstemmed | 3-D Range Imaging Using Stripe-Like Illumination and SPAD-Based Pulsed TOF Techniques |
| title_short | 3-D Range Imaging Using Stripe-Like Illumination and SPAD-Based Pulsed TOF Techniques |
| title_sort | 3 d range imaging using stripe like illumination and spad based pulsed tof techniques |
| topic | Laser radar LiDAR range imaging single photon detection |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10472579/ |
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