Effects of short-term oral vitamin A supplementation on the ocular tear film in patients with dry eye
Saud A Alanazi, Gamal A El-Hiti, Abdulaziz A Al-Baloud, Mohamed I Alfarhan, Ammar Al-Shahrani, Abdulkareem A Albakri, Saad Alqahtani, Ali M Masmali Cornea Research Chair, Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia Objective: To in...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Dove Medical Press
2019-04-01
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| Series: | Clinical Ophthalmology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/effects-of-short-term-oral-vitamin-a-supplementation-on-the-ocular-tea-peer-reviewed-article-OPTH |
| _version_ | 1831660315940487168 |
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| author | Alanazi SA El-Hiti GA Al-Baloud AA Alfarhan MI Al-Shahrani A Albakri AA Alqahtani S Masmali AM |
| author_facet | Alanazi SA El-Hiti GA Al-Baloud AA Alfarhan MI Al-Shahrani A Albakri AA Alqahtani S Masmali AM |
| author_sort | Alanazi SA |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Saud A Alanazi, Gamal A El-Hiti, Abdulaziz A Al-Baloud, Mohamed I Alfarhan, Ammar Al-Shahrani, Abdulkareem A Albakri, Saad Alqahtani, Ali M Masmali Cornea Research Chair, Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia Objective: To investigate the effects of short-term oral vitamin A supplementation on the ocular tear film in patients with dry eye. Methods: In total, 30 male patients with dry eye (age range, 18–38 years; mean age, 25.2±2.8 years) who did not wear contact lenses or exhibit any ocular (other than dry eye) or systemic diseases were included, along with 30 age-matched men (control group; mean age, 24.5±2.3 years) with healthy eyes. Subject exclusion was based on the findings of the McMonnies questionnaire (cutoff score for dry eye: 14.5) and slit-lamp biomicroscopy. All subjects received an oral vitamin A supplement at a daily dose of 1,500 mg for 3 consecutive days. The phenol red thread (PRT) test was performed along with assessments of tear ferning (TF), tear osmolarity, and the tear break-up time (TBUT) before and 24 hours after the third dose of the vitamin A supplement. A 10-minute interval was observed between different tests. Results: In the dry eye group, the TF grade (Wilcoxon test, P=0.01) exhibited a significant decrease, while the tear osmolarity value (t-test, P=0.01) exhibited a significant increase after vitamin A supplementation. The PRT test findings (P=0.17) and TBUT (P=0.49) showed no significant differences before and after vitamin A supplementation. In the control group, vitamin A supplementation showed no significant effects on TF (P=0.74), tear osmolarity (P=0.55), the TBUT (P=0.19), and the PRT test scores (P=0.48). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that short-term oral vitamin A supplementation improves the quality, but not quantity, of tears in patients with dry eye. Future studies should involve larger patient samples and longer periods of vitamin A supplementation. Keywords: vitamin A supplement, dry eye, tear film, tear ferning, phenol red thread test, tear break-up time, tear osmolarity |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T18:13:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cb927e73f7cd4a4bbba1156d2004be96 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1177-5483 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T18:13:31Z |
| publishDate | 2019-04-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Clinical Ophthalmology |
| spelling | doaj.art-cb927e73f7cd4a4bbba1156d2004be962022-12-21T20:11:13ZengDove Medical PressClinical Ophthalmology1177-54832019-04-01Volume 1359960445034Effects of short-term oral vitamin A supplementation on the ocular tear film in patients with dry eyeAlanazi SAEl-Hiti GAAl-Baloud AAAlfarhan MIAl-Shahrani AAlbakri AAAlqahtani SMasmali AMSaud A Alanazi, Gamal A El-Hiti, Abdulaziz A Al-Baloud, Mohamed I Alfarhan, Ammar Al-Shahrani, Abdulkareem A Albakri, Saad Alqahtani, Ali M Masmali Cornea Research Chair, Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia Objective: To investigate the effects of short-term oral vitamin A supplementation on the ocular tear film in patients with dry eye. Methods: In total, 30 male patients with dry eye (age range, 18–38 years; mean age, 25.2±2.8 years) who did not wear contact lenses or exhibit any ocular (other than dry eye) or systemic diseases were included, along with 30 age-matched men (control group; mean age, 24.5±2.3 years) with healthy eyes. Subject exclusion was based on the findings of the McMonnies questionnaire (cutoff score for dry eye: 14.5) and slit-lamp biomicroscopy. All subjects received an oral vitamin A supplement at a daily dose of 1,500 mg for 3 consecutive days. The phenol red thread (PRT) test was performed along with assessments of tear ferning (TF), tear osmolarity, and the tear break-up time (TBUT) before and 24 hours after the third dose of the vitamin A supplement. A 10-minute interval was observed between different tests. Results: In the dry eye group, the TF grade (Wilcoxon test, P=0.01) exhibited a significant decrease, while the tear osmolarity value (t-test, P=0.01) exhibited a significant increase after vitamin A supplementation. The PRT test findings (P=0.17) and TBUT (P=0.49) showed no significant differences before and after vitamin A supplementation. In the control group, vitamin A supplementation showed no significant effects on TF (P=0.74), tear osmolarity (P=0.55), the TBUT (P=0.19), and the PRT test scores (P=0.48). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that short-term oral vitamin A supplementation improves the quality, but not quantity, of tears in patients with dry eye. Future studies should involve larger patient samples and longer periods of vitamin A supplementation. Keywords: vitamin A supplement, dry eye, tear film, tear ferning, phenol red thread test, tear break-up time, tear osmolarityhttps://www.dovepress.com/effects-of-short-term-oral-vitamin-a-supplementation-on-the-ocular-tea-peer-reviewed-article-OPTHvitamin A supplementdry eyetear filmtear ferningphenol red thread testtear break-up timetear osmolarity |
| spellingShingle | Alanazi SA El-Hiti GA Al-Baloud AA Alfarhan MI Al-Shahrani A Albakri AA Alqahtani S Masmali AM Effects of short-term oral vitamin A supplementation on the ocular tear film in patients with dry eye Clinical Ophthalmology vitamin A supplement dry eye tear film tear ferning phenol red thread test tear break-up time tear osmolarity |
| title | Effects of short-term oral vitamin A supplementation on the ocular tear film in patients with dry eye |
| title_full | Effects of short-term oral vitamin A supplementation on the ocular tear film in patients with dry eye |
| title_fullStr | Effects of short-term oral vitamin A supplementation on the ocular tear film in patients with dry eye |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of short-term oral vitamin A supplementation on the ocular tear film in patients with dry eye |
| title_short | Effects of short-term oral vitamin A supplementation on the ocular tear film in patients with dry eye |
| title_sort | effects of short term oral vitamin a supplementation on the ocular tear film in patients with dry eye |
| topic | vitamin A supplement dry eye tear film tear ferning phenol red thread test tear break-up time tear osmolarity |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/effects-of-short-term-oral-vitamin-a-supplementation-on-the-ocular-tea-peer-reviewed-article-OPTH |
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