Study on the lignin-derived sp 2–sp 3 hybrid hard carbon materials and the feasibility for industrial production
Abstract Hard carbon has been widely used in anode of lithium/sodium ion battery, electrode of supercapacitor, and carbon molecular sieve for CO2 capture and hydrogen storage. In this study the lignin derived hard carbon products are investigated, and the conclusions are abstracted as follows. (1) T...
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Nature Portfolio
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54190-x |
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| author | Si-Yu Long Yan Qin Jin-Lei Liu Xue-Quan Xian Ling-Qiang Zhou Wen-Da Lv Pei-Duo Tang Qin-Yan Wang Qi-Shi Du |
| author_facet | Si-Yu Long Yan Qin Jin-Lei Liu Xue-Quan Xian Ling-Qiang Zhou Wen-Da Lv Pei-Duo Tang Qin-Yan Wang Qi-Shi Du |
| author_sort | Si-Yu Long |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Hard carbon has been widely used in anode of lithium/sodium ion battery, electrode of supercapacitor, and carbon molecular sieve for CO2 capture and hydrogen storage. In this study the lignin derived hard carbon products are investigated, and the conclusions are abstracted as follows. (1) The lignin derived hard carbon products consist of microcrystal units of sp 2 graphene fragments, jointed by sp 3 carbon atoms and forming sp 2–sp 3 hybrid hard carbon family. (2) From the lignin precursors to the sp 2–sp 3 hybrid hard carbon products, most carbon atoms retain their original electron configurations (sp 2 or sp 3) and keep their composition in lignin. (3) The architectures of lignin-derived hard carbon materials are closely dependent on the forms of their lignin precursors, and could be preformed by different pretreatment techniques. (4) The carbonization of lignin precursors follows the mechanism “carbonization in situ and recombination nearby”. (5) Due to the high carbon ratio and abundant active functional groups in lignin, new activation techniques could be developed for control of pore size and pore volume. In general lignin is an excellent raw material for sp 2–sp 3 hybrid hard carbon products, a green and sustainable alternative resource for phenolic resin, and industrial production for lignin derived hard carbon products would be feasible. |
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cbd26c9fef95443b9a7ecb2cd63bb836 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:00:48Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-cbd26c9fef95443b9a7ecb2cd63bb8362024-03-05T19:09:26ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-03-0114111610.1038/s41598-024-54190-xStudy on the lignin-derived sp 2–sp 3 hybrid hard carbon materials and the feasibility for industrial productionSi-Yu Long0Yan Qin1Jin-Lei Liu2Xue-Quan Xian3Ling-Qiang Zhou4Wen-Da Lv5Pei-Duo Tang6Qin-Yan Wang7Qi-Shi Du8National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Academy of SciencesNational Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Academy of SciencesNational Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Academy of SciencesNational Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Academy of SciencesFujian Yuanfu Biomass Technology Co., Ltd.Fujian Yuanfu Biomass Technology Co., Ltd.National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Academy of SciencesNational Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Academy of SciencesNational Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Academy of SciencesAbstract Hard carbon has been widely used in anode of lithium/sodium ion battery, electrode of supercapacitor, and carbon molecular sieve for CO2 capture and hydrogen storage. In this study the lignin derived hard carbon products are investigated, and the conclusions are abstracted as follows. (1) The lignin derived hard carbon products consist of microcrystal units of sp 2 graphene fragments, jointed by sp 3 carbon atoms and forming sp 2–sp 3 hybrid hard carbon family. (2) From the lignin precursors to the sp 2–sp 3 hybrid hard carbon products, most carbon atoms retain their original electron configurations (sp 2 or sp 3) and keep their composition in lignin. (3) The architectures of lignin-derived hard carbon materials are closely dependent on the forms of their lignin precursors, and could be preformed by different pretreatment techniques. (4) The carbonization of lignin precursors follows the mechanism “carbonization in situ and recombination nearby”. (5) Due to the high carbon ratio and abundant active functional groups in lignin, new activation techniques could be developed for control of pore size and pore volume. In general lignin is an excellent raw material for sp 2–sp 3 hybrid hard carbon products, a green and sustainable alternative resource for phenolic resin, and industrial production for lignin derived hard carbon products would be feasible.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54190-xBiomassLigninHard carbonSodium ion batteryGraphene |
| spellingShingle | Si-Yu Long Yan Qin Jin-Lei Liu Xue-Quan Xian Ling-Qiang Zhou Wen-Da Lv Pei-Duo Tang Qin-Yan Wang Qi-Shi Du Study on the lignin-derived sp 2–sp 3 hybrid hard carbon materials and the feasibility for industrial production Scientific Reports Biomass Lignin Hard carbon Sodium ion battery Graphene |
| title | Study on the lignin-derived sp 2–sp 3 hybrid hard carbon materials and the feasibility for industrial production |
| title_full | Study on the lignin-derived sp 2–sp 3 hybrid hard carbon materials and the feasibility for industrial production |
| title_fullStr | Study on the lignin-derived sp 2–sp 3 hybrid hard carbon materials and the feasibility for industrial production |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study on the lignin-derived sp 2–sp 3 hybrid hard carbon materials and the feasibility for industrial production |
| title_short | Study on the lignin-derived sp 2–sp 3 hybrid hard carbon materials and the feasibility for industrial production |
| title_sort | study on the lignin derived sp 2 sp 3 hybrid hard carbon materials and the feasibility for industrial production |
| topic | Biomass Lignin Hard carbon Sodium ion battery Graphene |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54190-x |
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