Gall Nuts <i>Cynips quercusfolii</i> (Linnaeus) and <i>Andricus infectorius</i> (Hartig) as Tannin Raw Materials
The study included gall nuts caused by <i>Cynips quercusfolii</i> collected from <i>Quercus robur</i> and <i>Andricus infectorius</i>, harvested from <i>Quercus infectoria</i>. The evaluation of the percentage content of tannins expressed as a pyrogall...
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/10/4840 |
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| author | Maciej Bilek Zbigniew Czerniakowski Katarzyna Kozłowska-Tylingo Michał Gostkowski Tomasz Olbrycht Cuneyt Cicek Paweł Staniszewski Tomasz Dudek |
| author_facet | Maciej Bilek Zbigniew Czerniakowski Katarzyna Kozłowska-Tylingo Michał Gostkowski Tomasz Olbrycht Cuneyt Cicek Paweł Staniszewski Tomasz Dudek |
| author_sort | Maciej Bilek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The study included gall nuts caused by <i>Cynips quercusfolii</i> collected from <i>Quercus robur</i> and <i>Andricus infectorius</i>, harvested from <i>Quercus infectoria</i>. The evaluation of the percentage content of tannins expressed as a pyrogallol was performed using the analytical methodology recommended by the current “European Pharmacopoeia 10”. In order to compare the chemical composition of the tested samples, chromatographic profiles and ion mass distribution spectra were made using high-performance liquid chromatography techniques coupled with two types of detection: spectrophotometry and mass spectrometry. The average content of tannins expressed as pyrogallol for <i>C. quercusfolii</i> ranged from 13.36% to 14.74%, while for <i>A. infectorius</i> it was from 34.77% to 39.95%. The comparison of both the mass spectra and the chromatographic profiles shows a high similarity of all samples of <i>C. quercusfolii</i> and large differences in the chemical composition compared to <i>A. infectorius</i>. The tested <i>C. quercusfolii</i> should be considered a much poorer tannin source than <i>A. infectorius</i>. It cannot be simultaneously treated as its substitute raw material due to the lower tannins percentage content and different chemical composition. However, compared to other Central European herbal raw materials, <i>C. quercusfolii</i> gall nuts are an alternative tannin source with potential use in herbal medicine and the pharmaceutical industry. |
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| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:25:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-cbd2d4c5bfb64952b13c453f41dd0b202023-11-23T09:53:57ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-05-011210484010.3390/app12104840Gall Nuts <i>Cynips quercusfolii</i> (Linnaeus) and <i>Andricus infectorius</i> (Hartig) as Tannin Raw MaterialsMaciej Bilek0Zbigniew Czerniakowski1Katarzyna Kozłowska-Tylingo2Michał Gostkowski3Tomasz Olbrycht4Cuneyt Cicek5Paweł Staniszewski6Tomasz Dudek7Department of Agroecology and Forest Utilization, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Land Management and Environmental Protection, University of Rzeszow, 35-610 Rzeszow, PolandDepartment of Agroecology and Forest Utilization, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Land Management and Environmental Protection, University of Rzeszow, 35-610 Rzeszow, PolandDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, PolandDepartment of Econometric and Statistics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences–SGGW, ul. Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Agroecology and Forest Utilization, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Land Management and Environmental Protection, University of Rzeszow, 35-610 Rzeszow, PolandThemazi Company, Kizilarik Mahallesi, Antalya 07310, TurkeyDepartment of Forest Utilization, Institute of Forest Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Agroecology and Forest Utilization, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Land Management and Environmental Protection, University of Rzeszow, 35-610 Rzeszow, PolandThe study included gall nuts caused by <i>Cynips quercusfolii</i> collected from <i>Quercus robur</i> and <i>Andricus infectorius</i>, harvested from <i>Quercus infectoria</i>. The evaluation of the percentage content of tannins expressed as a pyrogallol was performed using the analytical methodology recommended by the current “European Pharmacopoeia 10”. In order to compare the chemical composition of the tested samples, chromatographic profiles and ion mass distribution spectra were made using high-performance liquid chromatography techniques coupled with two types of detection: spectrophotometry and mass spectrometry. The average content of tannins expressed as pyrogallol for <i>C. quercusfolii</i> ranged from 13.36% to 14.74%, while for <i>A. infectorius</i> it was from 34.77% to 39.95%. The comparison of both the mass spectra and the chromatographic profiles shows a high similarity of all samples of <i>C. quercusfolii</i> and large differences in the chemical composition compared to <i>A. infectorius</i>. The tested <i>C. quercusfolii</i> should be considered a much poorer tannin source than <i>A. infectorius</i>. It cannot be simultaneously treated as its substitute raw material due to the lower tannins percentage content and different chemical composition. However, compared to other Central European herbal raw materials, <i>C. quercusfolii</i> gall nuts are an alternative tannin source with potential use in herbal medicine and the pharmaceutical industry.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/10/4840ethnopharmacologypharmacopoeiasantimicrobialherbal drugspolyphenols |
| spellingShingle | Maciej Bilek Zbigniew Czerniakowski Katarzyna Kozłowska-Tylingo Michał Gostkowski Tomasz Olbrycht Cuneyt Cicek Paweł Staniszewski Tomasz Dudek Gall Nuts <i>Cynips quercusfolii</i> (Linnaeus) and <i>Andricus infectorius</i> (Hartig) as Tannin Raw Materials Applied Sciences ethnopharmacology pharmacopoeias antimicrobial herbal drugs polyphenols |
| title | Gall Nuts <i>Cynips quercusfolii</i> (Linnaeus) and <i>Andricus infectorius</i> (Hartig) as Tannin Raw Materials |
| title_full | Gall Nuts <i>Cynips quercusfolii</i> (Linnaeus) and <i>Andricus infectorius</i> (Hartig) as Tannin Raw Materials |
| title_fullStr | Gall Nuts <i>Cynips quercusfolii</i> (Linnaeus) and <i>Andricus infectorius</i> (Hartig) as Tannin Raw Materials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gall Nuts <i>Cynips quercusfolii</i> (Linnaeus) and <i>Andricus infectorius</i> (Hartig) as Tannin Raw Materials |
| title_short | Gall Nuts <i>Cynips quercusfolii</i> (Linnaeus) and <i>Andricus infectorius</i> (Hartig) as Tannin Raw Materials |
| title_sort | gall nuts i cynips quercusfolii i linnaeus and i andricus infectorius i hartig as tannin raw materials |
| topic | ethnopharmacology pharmacopoeias antimicrobial herbal drugs polyphenols |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/10/4840 |
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