Inter-Annual Variability Of Spring And Summer Blooms In The Eastern Baltic Sea
Changes in environmental conditions may have an effect on the occurrence and intensity of phytoplankton blooms. However, few studies have been carried out on this subject, mainly due to the lack of long-term in situ observations. We study the inter-annual variability and phenology of spring and summ...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.928633/full |
| _version_ | 1818537943576346624 |
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| author | Oscar Dario Beltran-Perez Joanna J. Waniek |
| author_facet | Oscar Dario Beltran-Perez Joanna J. Waniek |
| author_sort | Oscar Dario Beltran-Perez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Changes in environmental conditions may have an effect on the occurrence and intensity of phytoplankton blooms. However, few studies have been carried out on this subject, mainly due to the lack of long-term in situ observations. We study the inter-annual variability and phenology of spring and summer blooms in the eastern Baltic Sea using a physical-biological model. The one-dimensional NPZD model simulates the development of both blooms in the water column with realistic atmospheric forcing and initial conditions representative of the eastern Baltic Sea between 1990 and 2019. On average, the spring bloom started on day 85 ± 7, reached its maximum biomass on day 115 ± 6 and declined after day 144 ± 5. The summer bloom started on day 158 ± 5, had its maximum biomass on day 194 ± 9 and ended after day 237 ± 8. The results showed that the summer bloom occurs 9 days earlier and last 15 days longer over the 30-year simulation period, but changes in the phenology of the spring bloom were not statistically significant. There is strong evidence that warmer periods favor both blooms, but in different ways. Warmer periods caused spring blooms to peak earlier, while summer blooms reached higher abundance. Additionally, a higher energy gain by the ocean led to longer summer blooms of greater abundance and higher biomass maxima. Overall, summer blooms are more sensitive to changes in the environment than spring blooms, being therefore more vulnerable to changes generated by climate change in the Baltic Sea. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T18:57:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cbd2dd1ed8484fa29dc15c7f0cc472f8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T18:57:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-cbd2dd1ed8484fa29dc15c7f0cc472f82022-12-22T00:54:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452022-08-01910.3389/fmars.2022.928633928633Inter-Annual Variability Of Spring And Summer Blooms In The Eastern Baltic SeaOscar Dario Beltran-PerezJoanna J. WaniekChanges in environmental conditions may have an effect on the occurrence and intensity of phytoplankton blooms. However, few studies have been carried out on this subject, mainly due to the lack of long-term in situ observations. We study the inter-annual variability and phenology of spring and summer blooms in the eastern Baltic Sea using a physical-biological model. The one-dimensional NPZD model simulates the development of both blooms in the water column with realistic atmospheric forcing and initial conditions representative of the eastern Baltic Sea between 1990 and 2019. On average, the spring bloom started on day 85 ± 7, reached its maximum biomass on day 115 ± 6 and declined after day 144 ± 5. The summer bloom started on day 158 ± 5, had its maximum biomass on day 194 ± 9 and ended after day 237 ± 8. The results showed that the summer bloom occurs 9 days earlier and last 15 days longer over the 30-year simulation period, but changes in the phenology of the spring bloom were not statistically significant. There is strong evidence that warmer periods favor both blooms, but in different ways. Warmer periods caused spring blooms to peak earlier, while summer blooms reached higher abundance. Additionally, a higher energy gain by the ocean led to longer summer blooms of greater abundance and higher biomass maxima. Overall, summer blooms are more sensitive to changes in the environment than spring blooms, being therefore more vulnerable to changes generated by climate change in the Baltic Sea.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.928633/fullcyanobacteriadiatomsbloomphenologyBaltic Seamodeling approach |
| spellingShingle | Oscar Dario Beltran-Perez Joanna J. Waniek Inter-Annual Variability Of Spring And Summer Blooms In The Eastern Baltic Sea Frontiers in Marine Science cyanobacteria diatoms bloom phenology Baltic Sea modeling approach |
| title | Inter-Annual Variability Of Spring And Summer Blooms In The Eastern Baltic Sea |
| title_full | Inter-Annual Variability Of Spring And Summer Blooms In The Eastern Baltic Sea |
| title_fullStr | Inter-Annual Variability Of Spring And Summer Blooms In The Eastern Baltic Sea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inter-Annual Variability Of Spring And Summer Blooms In The Eastern Baltic Sea |
| title_short | Inter-Annual Variability Of Spring And Summer Blooms In The Eastern Baltic Sea |
| title_sort | inter annual variability of spring and summer blooms in the eastern baltic sea |
| topic | cyanobacteria diatoms bloom phenology Baltic Sea modeling approach |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.928633/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT oscardariobeltranperez interannualvariabilityofspringandsummerbloomsintheeasternbalticsea AT joannajwaniek interannualvariabilityofspringandsummerbloomsintheeasternbalticsea |