Litter Content of Colombian Beaches and Mangrove Forests: Results from the Caribbean and Pacific Coasts
Litter abundance and typology were investigated at different beaches and mangrove forests at nine sites on the Colombian Caribbean and Pacific coasts. Average litter abundance on the Caribbean Sea beaches (1.42 items/m<sup>2</sup>–12.21 g/m<sup>2</sup>) and in mangrove forest...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/2/250 |
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| author | Hernando José Bolívar-Anillo Francisco Asensio-Montesinos Giovanna Reyes Almeida Nataly Solano Llanos Hernando Sánchez Moreno Christian J. Orozco-Sánchez Diego Andrés Villate Daza María Auxiliadora Iglesias-Navas Giorgio Anfuso |
| author_facet | Hernando José Bolívar-Anillo Francisco Asensio-Montesinos Giovanna Reyes Almeida Nataly Solano Llanos Hernando Sánchez Moreno Christian J. Orozco-Sánchez Diego Andrés Villate Daza María Auxiliadora Iglesias-Navas Giorgio Anfuso |
| author_sort | Hernando José Bolívar-Anillo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Litter abundance and typology were investigated at different beaches and mangrove forests at nine sites on the Colombian Caribbean and Pacific coasts. Average litter abundance on the Caribbean Sea beaches (1.42 items/m<sup>2</sup>–12.21 g/m<sup>2</sup>) and in mangrove forests (1.29 items/m<sup>2</sup>–28.72 g/m<sup>2</sup>) were greater than that of the Pacific Ocean beaches (0 items/m<sup>2</sup>–0 g/m<sup>2</sup>) and mangrove forests (1.13 items/m<sup>2</sup>–79.41 g/m<sup>2</sup>). The most abundant litter material was plastic, which represented 93.61% of the total litter content. According to the Clean Coast Index, the sites analyzed in the Caribbean Sea were “Moderate” to “Extremely Dirty”, while those in the Pacific Ocean were “Clean” to “Moderate Dirty”. The Magdalena River is considered the main source of litter on the Caribbean Sea coast, while on the Pacific Ocean coast, litter is essentially associated with the mismanagement of solid wastes. This study constitutes a baseline on the litter content of beaches and mangrove forests, and is useful for establishing sound strategies for their protection, restoration and conservation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:36:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cbdb446109c84b74b231d427622f9e04 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:36:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-cbdb446109c84b74b231d427622f9e042023-11-16T21:26:35ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122023-01-0111225010.3390/jmse11020250Litter Content of Colombian Beaches and Mangrove Forests: Results from the Caribbean and Pacific CoastsHernando José Bolívar-Anillo0Francisco Asensio-Montesinos1Giovanna Reyes Almeida2Nataly Solano Llanos3Hernando Sánchez Moreno4Christian J. Orozco-Sánchez5Diego Andrés Villate Daza6María Auxiliadora Iglesias-Navas7Giorgio Anfuso8Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Simon Bolivar University, Barranquilla 080002, ColombiaDepartment of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, SpainFaculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Simon Bolivar University, Barranquilla 080002, ColombiaFaculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Simon Bolivar University, Barranquilla 080002, ColombiaFaculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Simon Bolivar University, Barranquilla 080002, ColombiaFaculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Simon Bolivar University, Barranquilla 080002, ColombiaNextPort vCoE Research & Advisory Scientific Group, Sydney, NSW 2113, AustraliaFaculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Simon Bolivar University, Barranquilla 080002, ColombiaDepartment of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, SpainLitter abundance and typology were investigated at different beaches and mangrove forests at nine sites on the Colombian Caribbean and Pacific coasts. Average litter abundance on the Caribbean Sea beaches (1.42 items/m<sup>2</sup>–12.21 g/m<sup>2</sup>) and in mangrove forests (1.29 items/m<sup>2</sup>–28.72 g/m<sup>2</sup>) were greater than that of the Pacific Ocean beaches (0 items/m<sup>2</sup>–0 g/m<sup>2</sup>) and mangrove forests (1.13 items/m<sup>2</sup>–79.41 g/m<sup>2</sup>). The most abundant litter material was plastic, which represented 93.61% of the total litter content. According to the Clean Coast Index, the sites analyzed in the Caribbean Sea were “Moderate” to “Extremely Dirty”, while those in the Pacific Ocean were “Clean” to “Moderate Dirty”. The Magdalena River is considered the main source of litter on the Caribbean Sea coast, while on the Pacific Ocean coast, litter is essentially associated with the mismanagement of solid wastes. This study constitutes a baseline on the litter content of beaches and mangrove forests, and is useful for establishing sound strategies for their protection, restoration and conservation.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/2/250Clean Coast Index (CCI)3S tourismcoastal contaminationplastic pollutionMagdalena Riverdepartment of Atlántico |
| spellingShingle | Hernando José Bolívar-Anillo Francisco Asensio-Montesinos Giovanna Reyes Almeida Nataly Solano Llanos Hernando Sánchez Moreno Christian J. Orozco-Sánchez Diego Andrés Villate Daza María Auxiliadora Iglesias-Navas Giorgio Anfuso Litter Content of Colombian Beaches and Mangrove Forests: Results from the Caribbean and Pacific Coasts Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Clean Coast Index (CCI) 3S tourism coastal contamination plastic pollution Magdalena River department of Atlántico |
| title | Litter Content of Colombian Beaches and Mangrove Forests: Results from the Caribbean and Pacific Coasts |
| title_full | Litter Content of Colombian Beaches and Mangrove Forests: Results from the Caribbean and Pacific Coasts |
| title_fullStr | Litter Content of Colombian Beaches and Mangrove Forests: Results from the Caribbean and Pacific Coasts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Litter Content of Colombian Beaches and Mangrove Forests: Results from the Caribbean and Pacific Coasts |
| title_short | Litter Content of Colombian Beaches and Mangrove Forests: Results from the Caribbean and Pacific Coasts |
| title_sort | litter content of colombian beaches and mangrove forests results from the caribbean and pacific coasts |
| topic | Clean Coast Index (CCI) 3S tourism coastal contamination plastic pollution Magdalena River department of Atlántico |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/2/250 |
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