| Summary: | The influence of <i>p</i>-terphenyl polyketides <b>1</b>–<b>3</b> from <i>Aspergillus candidus</i> KMM 4676 and cerebroside flavuside B (<b>4</b>) from <i>Penicillium islandicum</i> (=<i>Talaromyces islandicus</i>) against the effect of neurotoxins, rotenone and paraquat, on Neuro-2a cell viability by MTT and LDH release assays and intracellular ROS level, as well as DPPH radical scavenging activity, was investigated. Pre-incubation with compounds significantly diminished the ROS level in rotenone- and paraquat-treated cells. It was shown that the investigated polyketides <b>1</b>–<b>3</b> significantly increased the viability of rotenone- and paraquat-treated cells in two of the used assays but they affected only the viability of paraquat-treated cells in the LDH release assay. Flavuside B statistically increased the viability of paraquat-treated cells in both MTT and LDH release assays, however, it increased the viability of rotenone-treated cells in the LDH release assay. Structure–activity relationships for <i>p</i>-terphenyl derivatives, as well as possible mechanisms of cytoprotective action of all studied compounds, were discussed.
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