Scavenging vs hunting affects behavioral traits of an opportunistic carnivore
Background Human-induced changes to ecosystems transform the availability of resources to predators, including altering prey populations and increasing access to anthropogenic foods. Opportunistic predators are likely to respond to altered food resources by changing the proportion of food they hunt...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
PeerJ Inc.
2022-05-01
|
| Series: | PeerJ |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/13366.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797419666714394624 |
|---|---|
| author | Mitchell A. Parsons Andrew Garcia Julie K. Young |
| author_facet | Mitchell A. Parsons Andrew Garcia Julie K. Young |
| author_sort | Mitchell A. Parsons |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Human-induced changes to ecosystems transform the availability of resources to predators, including altering prey populations and increasing access to anthropogenic foods. Opportunistic predators are likely to respond to altered food resources by changing the proportion of food they hunt versus scavenge. These shifts in foraging behavior will affect species interactions through multiple pathways, including by changing other aspects of predator behavior such as boldness, innovation, and social structure. Methods To understand how foraging behavior impacts predator behavior, we conducted a controlled experiment to simulate hunting by introducing a prey model to captive coyotes (Canis latrans) and compared their behavior to coyotes that continued to scavenge over one year. We used focal observations to construct behavioral budgets, and conducted novel object, puzzle box, and conspecific tests to evaluate boldness, innovation, and response to conspecifics. Results We documented increased time spent resting by hunting coyotes paired with decreased time spent active. Hunting coyotes increased boldness and persistence but there were no changes in innovation. Our results illustrate how foraging behavior can impact other aspects of behavior, with potential ecological consequences to predator ecology, predator-prey dynamics, and human-wildlife conflict; however, the captive nature of our study limits specific conclusions related to wild predators. We conclude that human-induced behavioral changes could have cascading ecological implications that are not fully understood. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:51:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cbe2b516125a476c88584b3498d813f6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:51:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PeerJ |
| spelling | doaj.art-cbe2b516125a476c88584b3498d813f62023-12-03T10:27:44ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592022-05-0110e1336610.7717/peerj.13366Scavenging vs hunting affects behavioral traits of an opportunistic carnivoreMitchell A. Parsons0Andrew Garcia1Julie K. Young2Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States of AmericaNational Wildlife Research Center - Predator Research Facility, USDA, Millville, UT, USADepartment of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States of AmericaBackground Human-induced changes to ecosystems transform the availability of resources to predators, including altering prey populations and increasing access to anthropogenic foods. Opportunistic predators are likely to respond to altered food resources by changing the proportion of food they hunt versus scavenge. These shifts in foraging behavior will affect species interactions through multiple pathways, including by changing other aspects of predator behavior such as boldness, innovation, and social structure. Methods To understand how foraging behavior impacts predator behavior, we conducted a controlled experiment to simulate hunting by introducing a prey model to captive coyotes (Canis latrans) and compared their behavior to coyotes that continued to scavenge over one year. We used focal observations to construct behavioral budgets, and conducted novel object, puzzle box, and conspecific tests to evaluate boldness, innovation, and response to conspecifics. Results We documented increased time spent resting by hunting coyotes paired with decreased time spent active. Hunting coyotes increased boldness and persistence but there were no changes in innovation. Our results illustrate how foraging behavior can impact other aspects of behavior, with potential ecological consequences to predator ecology, predator-prey dynamics, and human-wildlife conflict; however, the captive nature of our study limits specific conclusions related to wild predators. We conclude that human-induced behavioral changes could have cascading ecological implications that are not fully understood.https://peerj.com/articles/13366.pdfAnthropogenic foodForaging ecologyNovel objectPuzzle boxPredator-preyCanis latrans |
| spellingShingle | Mitchell A. Parsons Andrew Garcia Julie K. Young Scavenging vs hunting affects behavioral traits of an opportunistic carnivore PeerJ Anthropogenic food Foraging ecology Novel object Puzzle box Predator-prey Canis latrans |
| title | Scavenging vs hunting affects behavioral traits of an opportunistic carnivore |
| title_full | Scavenging vs hunting affects behavioral traits of an opportunistic carnivore |
| title_fullStr | Scavenging vs hunting affects behavioral traits of an opportunistic carnivore |
| title_full_unstemmed | Scavenging vs hunting affects behavioral traits of an opportunistic carnivore |
| title_short | Scavenging vs hunting affects behavioral traits of an opportunistic carnivore |
| title_sort | scavenging vs hunting affects behavioral traits of an opportunistic carnivore |
| topic | Anthropogenic food Foraging ecology Novel object Puzzle box Predator-prey Canis latrans |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/13366.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mitchellaparsons scavengingvshuntingaffectsbehavioraltraitsofanopportunisticcarnivore AT andrewgarcia scavengingvshuntingaffectsbehavioraltraitsofanopportunisticcarnivore AT juliekyoung scavengingvshuntingaffectsbehavioraltraitsofanopportunisticcarnivore |