The Intricate Interplay between APOBEC3 Proteins and DNA Tumour Viruses
APOBEC3 proteins are cytidine deaminases that play a crucial role in the innate immune response against viruses, including DNA viruses. Their main mechanism for restricting viral replication is the deamination of cytosine to uracil in viral DNA during replication. This process leads to hypermutation...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-02-01
|
| Series: | Pathogens |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/13/3/187 |
| _version_ | 1797239751193919488 |
|---|---|
| author | Nika Lovšin Bhavani Gangupam Martina Bergant Marušič |
| author_facet | Nika Lovšin Bhavani Gangupam Martina Bergant Marušič |
| author_sort | Nika Lovšin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | APOBEC3 proteins are cytidine deaminases that play a crucial role in the innate immune response against viruses, including DNA viruses. Their main mechanism for restricting viral replication is the deamination of cytosine to uracil in viral DNA during replication. This process leads to hypermutation of the viral genome, resulting in loss of viral fitness and, in many cases, inactivation of the virus. APOBEC3 proteins inhibit the replication of a number of DNA tumour viruses, including herpesviruses, papillomaviruses and hepadnaviruses. Different APOBEC3s restrict the replication of different virus families in different ways and this restriction is not limited to one APOBEC3. Infection with DNA viruses often leads to the development and progression of cancer. APOBEC3 mutational signatures have been detected in various cancers, indicating the importance of APOBEC3s in carcinogenesis. Inhibition of DNA viruses by APOBEC3 proteins appears to play a dual role in this process. On the one hand, it is an essential component of the innate immune response to viral infections, and, on the other hand, it contributes to the pathogenesis of persistent viral infections and the progression of cancer. The current review examines the complex interplay between APOBEC3 proteins and DNA viruses and sheds light on the mechanisms of action, viral countermeasures and the impact on carcinogenesis. Deciphering the current issues in the interaction of APOBEC/DNA viruses should enable the development of new targeted cancer therapies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:56:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cbe36c7608a941358df5650b13ded04b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:56:31Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-cbe36c7608a941358df5650b13ded04b2024-03-27T13:58:47ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172024-02-0113318710.3390/pathogens13030187The Intricate Interplay between APOBEC3 Proteins and DNA Tumour VirusesNika Lovšin0Bhavani Gangupam1Martina Bergant Marušič2Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaLaboratory for Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, 5000 Nova Gorica, SloveniaLaboratory for Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, 5000 Nova Gorica, SloveniaAPOBEC3 proteins are cytidine deaminases that play a crucial role in the innate immune response against viruses, including DNA viruses. Their main mechanism for restricting viral replication is the deamination of cytosine to uracil in viral DNA during replication. This process leads to hypermutation of the viral genome, resulting in loss of viral fitness and, in many cases, inactivation of the virus. APOBEC3 proteins inhibit the replication of a number of DNA tumour viruses, including herpesviruses, papillomaviruses and hepadnaviruses. Different APOBEC3s restrict the replication of different virus families in different ways and this restriction is not limited to one APOBEC3. Infection with DNA viruses often leads to the development and progression of cancer. APOBEC3 mutational signatures have been detected in various cancers, indicating the importance of APOBEC3s in carcinogenesis. Inhibition of DNA viruses by APOBEC3 proteins appears to play a dual role in this process. On the one hand, it is an essential component of the innate immune response to viral infections, and, on the other hand, it contributes to the pathogenesis of persistent viral infections and the progression of cancer. The current review examines the complex interplay between APOBEC3 proteins and DNA viruses and sheds light on the mechanisms of action, viral countermeasures and the impact on carcinogenesis. Deciphering the current issues in the interaction of APOBEC/DNA viruses should enable the development of new targeted cancer therapies.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/13/3/187APOBECDNA tumour virusesviral restrictiontumorigenesisDNA editing |
| spellingShingle | Nika Lovšin Bhavani Gangupam Martina Bergant Marušič The Intricate Interplay between APOBEC3 Proteins and DNA Tumour Viruses Pathogens APOBEC DNA tumour viruses viral restriction tumorigenesis DNA editing |
| title | The Intricate Interplay between APOBEC3 Proteins and DNA Tumour Viruses |
| title_full | The Intricate Interplay between APOBEC3 Proteins and DNA Tumour Viruses |
| title_fullStr | The Intricate Interplay between APOBEC3 Proteins and DNA Tumour Viruses |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Intricate Interplay between APOBEC3 Proteins and DNA Tumour Viruses |
| title_short | The Intricate Interplay between APOBEC3 Proteins and DNA Tumour Viruses |
| title_sort | intricate interplay between apobec3 proteins and dna tumour viruses |
| topic | APOBEC DNA tumour viruses viral restriction tumorigenesis DNA editing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/13/3/187 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nikalovsin theintricateinterplaybetweenapobec3proteinsanddnatumourviruses AT bhavanigangupam theintricateinterplaybetweenapobec3proteinsanddnatumourviruses AT martinabergantmarusic theintricateinterplaybetweenapobec3proteinsanddnatumourviruses AT nikalovsin intricateinterplaybetweenapobec3proteinsanddnatumourviruses AT bhavanigangupam intricateinterplaybetweenapobec3proteinsanddnatumourviruses AT martinabergantmarusic intricateinterplaybetweenapobec3proteinsanddnatumourviruses |