Impairments of Motor Function While Multitasking in HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) became a treatable illness with the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (CART). As a result, patients with regular access to CART are expected to live decades with HIV. Long-term HIV infection presents unique challenges, including neurocognitive impa...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2017-04-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00212/full |
| _version_ | 1828186818991882240 |
|---|---|
| author | Cherie L. Marvel Cherie L. Marvel Sharif I. Kronemer Sharif I. Kronemer Jordan A. Mandel Ned C. Sacktor |
| author_facet | Cherie L. Marvel Cherie L. Marvel Sharif I. Kronemer Sharif I. Kronemer Jordan A. Mandel Ned C. Sacktor |
| author_sort | Cherie L. Marvel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) became a treatable illness with the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (CART). As a result, patients with regular access to CART are expected to live decades with HIV. Long-term HIV infection presents unique challenges, including neurocognitive impairments defined by three major stages of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). The current investigation aimed to study cognitive and motor impairments in HIV using a novel multitasking paradigm. Unlike current standard measures of cognitive and motor performance in HIV, multitasking increases real-world validity by mimicking the dual motor and cognitive demands that are part of daily professional and personal settings (e.g., driving, typing and writing). Moreover, multitask assessments can unmask compensatory mechanisms, normally used under single task conditions, to maintain performance. This investigation revealed that HIV+ participants were impaired on the motor component of the multitask, while cognitive performance was spared. A patient-specific positive interaction between motor performance and working memory recall was driven by poor HIV+ multitaskers. Surprisingly, HAND stage did not correspond with multitask performance and a variety of commonly used assessments indicated normal motor function among HIV+ participants with poor motor performance during the experimental task. These results support the use of multitasks to reveal otherwise hidden impairment in chronic HIV by expanding the sensitivity of clinical assessments used to determine HAND stage. Future studies should examine the capability of multitasks to predict performance in personal, professional and health-related behaviors and prognosis of patients living with chronic HIV. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T07:24:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cbe4f8390c0a40498e76019af9f3feea |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5161 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T07:24:13Z |
| publishDate | 2017-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-cbe4f8390c0a40498e76019af9f3feea2022-12-22T03:42:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Human Neuroscience1662-51612017-04-011110.3389/fnhum.2017.00212230057Impairments of Motor Function While Multitasking in HIVCherie L. Marvel0Cherie L. Marvel1Sharif I. Kronemer2Sharif I. Kronemer3Jordan A. Mandel4Ned C. Sacktor5Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USADepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USADepartment of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USADepartment of Neuroscience, Yale UniversityNew Haven, CT, USADepartment of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USADepartment of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USAHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) became a treatable illness with the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (CART). As a result, patients with regular access to CART are expected to live decades with HIV. Long-term HIV infection presents unique challenges, including neurocognitive impairments defined by three major stages of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). The current investigation aimed to study cognitive and motor impairments in HIV using a novel multitasking paradigm. Unlike current standard measures of cognitive and motor performance in HIV, multitasking increases real-world validity by mimicking the dual motor and cognitive demands that are part of daily professional and personal settings (e.g., driving, typing and writing). Moreover, multitask assessments can unmask compensatory mechanisms, normally used under single task conditions, to maintain performance. This investigation revealed that HIV+ participants were impaired on the motor component of the multitask, while cognitive performance was spared. A patient-specific positive interaction between motor performance and working memory recall was driven by poor HIV+ multitaskers. Surprisingly, HAND stage did not correspond with multitask performance and a variety of commonly used assessments indicated normal motor function among HIV+ participants with poor motor performance during the experimental task. These results support the use of multitasks to reveal otherwise hidden impairment in chronic HIV by expanding the sensitivity of clinical assessments used to determine HAND stage. Future studies should examine the capability of multitasks to predict performance in personal, professional and health-related behaviors and prognosis of patients living with chronic HIV.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00212/fullHIVmultitaskingmotorworking memorycognitionHIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) |
| spellingShingle | Cherie L. Marvel Cherie L. Marvel Sharif I. Kronemer Sharif I. Kronemer Jordan A. Mandel Ned C. Sacktor Impairments of Motor Function While Multitasking in HIV Frontiers in Human Neuroscience HIV multitasking motor working memory cognition HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) |
| title | Impairments of Motor Function While Multitasking in HIV |
| title_full | Impairments of Motor Function While Multitasking in HIV |
| title_fullStr | Impairments of Motor Function While Multitasking in HIV |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impairments of Motor Function While Multitasking in HIV |
| title_short | Impairments of Motor Function While Multitasking in HIV |
| title_sort | impairments of motor function while multitasking in hiv |
| topic | HIV multitasking motor working memory cognition HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00212/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT cherielmarvel impairmentsofmotorfunctionwhilemultitaskinginhiv AT cherielmarvel impairmentsofmotorfunctionwhilemultitaskinginhiv AT sharifikronemer impairmentsofmotorfunctionwhilemultitaskinginhiv AT sharifikronemer impairmentsofmotorfunctionwhilemultitaskinginhiv AT jordanamandel impairmentsofmotorfunctionwhilemultitaskinginhiv AT nedcsacktor impairmentsofmotorfunctionwhilemultitaskinginhiv |