Corticotropin-Releasing Factor: An Ancient Peptide Family Related to the Secretin Peptide Superfamily
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is the hypothalamic releasing peptide that regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal/inter-renal (HPA/I) axis in vertebrates. Over the last 25 years, there has been considerable discussion on its paralogs genes, urotensin-I/urocortin-1, and urocortins-2 and-3...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2020.00529/full |
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| author | Ola M. Michalec Belinda S. W. Chang Nathan R. Lovejoy David A. Lovejoy |
| author_facet | Ola M. Michalec Belinda S. W. Chang Nathan R. Lovejoy David A. Lovejoy |
| author_sort | Ola M. Michalec |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is the hypothalamic releasing peptide that regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal/inter-renal (HPA/I) axis in vertebrates. Over the last 25 years, there has been considerable discussion on its paralogs genes, urotensin-I/urocortin-1, and urocortins-2 and-3 and their subsequent role in the vertebrate stress response. Phylogenetically, the CRF family of peptides also belong to the diverse assemblage of Secretin- and Calcitonin-based peptides as evidenced by comparative-based studies of both their ligand and G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) structures. Despite this, the common origin of this large assemblage of peptides has not been ascertained. An unusual peptide, teneurin-C-terminal associated peptide (TCAP), reported in 2004, comprises the distal extracellular tip of the teneurin transmembrane proteins. Further studies indicated that this teneurin region binds to the latrophilin family of GPCRs. Initially thought to be a member of the Secretin GPCR family, evidence indicates that the latrophilins are a member of the Adhesion family of GPCRs and are related to the common ancestor of both Adhesion and Secretin GPCR families. In this study, we posit that TCAP may be a distantly related ancestor of the CRF-Calcitonin-Secretin peptide family and evolved near the base of metazoan phylogeny. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T20:21:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cbeb90cd1be44f30ba0c67d047c2f45a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T20:21:03Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj.art-cbeb90cd1be44f30ba0c67d047c2f45a2022-12-21T21:33:56ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922020-08-011110.3389/fendo.2020.00529554000Corticotropin-Releasing Factor: An Ancient Peptide Family Related to the Secretin Peptide SuperfamilyOla M. Michalec0Belinda S. W. Chang1Nathan R. Lovejoy2David A. Lovejoy3Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto - St. George Campus, Toronto, ON, CanadaDepartment of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto - St. George Campus, Toronto, ON, CanadaDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, CanadaDepartment of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto - St. George Campus, Toronto, ON, CanadaCorticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is the hypothalamic releasing peptide that regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal/inter-renal (HPA/I) axis in vertebrates. Over the last 25 years, there has been considerable discussion on its paralogs genes, urotensin-I/urocortin-1, and urocortins-2 and-3 and their subsequent role in the vertebrate stress response. Phylogenetically, the CRF family of peptides also belong to the diverse assemblage of Secretin- and Calcitonin-based peptides as evidenced by comparative-based studies of both their ligand and G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) structures. Despite this, the common origin of this large assemblage of peptides has not been ascertained. An unusual peptide, teneurin-C-terminal associated peptide (TCAP), reported in 2004, comprises the distal extracellular tip of the teneurin transmembrane proteins. Further studies indicated that this teneurin region binds to the latrophilin family of GPCRs. Initially thought to be a member of the Secretin GPCR family, evidence indicates that the latrophilins are a member of the Adhesion family of GPCRs and are related to the common ancestor of both Adhesion and Secretin GPCR families. In this study, we posit that TCAP may be a distantly related ancestor of the CRF-Calcitonin-Secretin peptide family and evolved near the base of metazoan phylogeny.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2020.00529/fullsecretin superfamilyTCAPteneurinadhesion GPCRsevolutionmetabolism |
| spellingShingle | Ola M. Michalec Belinda S. W. Chang Nathan R. Lovejoy David A. Lovejoy Corticotropin-Releasing Factor: An Ancient Peptide Family Related to the Secretin Peptide Superfamily Frontiers in Endocrinology secretin superfamily TCAP teneurin adhesion GPCRs evolution metabolism |
| title | Corticotropin-Releasing Factor: An Ancient Peptide Family Related to the Secretin Peptide Superfamily |
| title_full | Corticotropin-Releasing Factor: An Ancient Peptide Family Related to the Secretin Peptide Superfamily |
| title_fullStr | Corticotropin-Releasing Factor: An Ancient Peptide Family Related to the Secretin Peptide Superfamily |
| title_full_unstemmed | Corticotropin-Releasing Factor: An Ancient Peptide Family Related to the Secretin Peptide Superfamily |
| title_short | Corticotropin-Releasing Factor: An Ancient Peptide Family Related to the Secretin Peptide Superfamily |
| title_sort | corticotropin releasing factor an ancient peptide family related to the secretin peptide superfamily |
| topic | secretin superfamily TCAP teneurin adhesion GPCRs evolution metabolism |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2020.00529/full |
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