Burden of malaria infection among individuals of varied blood groups in Kenya
Abstract Background The ABO blood groups consist of A, B, and H carbohydrate antigens, which regulate protein activities during malaria infection in humans. Understanding the interplay between the malaria parasite and blood group antigens is essential in understanding new interventions to reduce the...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Malaria Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04251-1 |
| _version_ | 1811274843308425216 |
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| author | Redemptah Yeda Charles Okudo Eunice Owiti Gladys Biwot Cliff Momanyi Winnie Korir Thoya Mitsanze Caroline Tegerei Dennis Juma Benjamin Opot Edwin Mwakio Gladys Chemwor Raphael Okoth Douglas O. Ochora Agnes C. Cheruiyot Amanda Roth Hoseah M. Akala Ben Andagalu |
| author_facet | Redemptah Yeda Charles Okudo Eunice Owiti Gladys Biwot Cliff Momanyi Winnie Korir Thoya Mitsanze Caroline Tegerei Dennis Juma Benjamin Opot Edwin Mwakio Gladys Chemwor Raphael Okoth Douglas O. Ochora Agnes C. Cheruiyot Amanda Roth Hoseah M. Akala Ben Andagalu |
| author_sort | Redemptah Yeda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The ABO blood groups consist of A, B, and H carbohydrate antigens, which regulate protein activities during malaria infection in humans. Understanding the interplay between the malaria parasite and blood group antigens is essential in understanding new interventions to reduce the global burden of malaria. This study assessed the burden of malaria infection among individuals with varying blood groups seeking treatment at selected hospitals in Kenya. Methods A total of 366 samples from an ongoing malaria surveillance study were diagnosed for malaria by microscopy and further typed for blood group using ABO blood grouping. Age and sex were recorded in a data sheet, and analysed using R software version 4. Groups’ proportions (blood group, malaria infection, age and sex) were compared using Pearson’s Chi-square and Fischer exact tests. Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed and P-value < 0.05 was considered significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. To understand the effect of each blood group on parasitaemia, multivariate logistic regression was used to model ABO blood group in relation to parasitaemia. Results Of the 366 samples analysed, 312 were malaria positive, mean age was 9.83 years (< 5 years n = 152 (48.41%), 6 to 17 years n = 101 (32.16%) and > 18 years n = 61 (19.43%)). Malaria prevalence was higher among females than males, 54.46% and 45.54%, respectively. Kisumu enrolled the highest number 109 (35%)) of malaria cases, Kombewa 108 (35%), Malindi 32 (10%), Kisii 28 (9%), Marigat 23 (7%), and Kericho 12 (4%). Blood group O+ was the most prevalent among the enrolled individuals (46.50%), A+ (27.71%), B+ (21.02%) and AB+ (4.78%) respectively. Compared to blood group O+, blood group B+ individuals were (14%) were more likely to habour Plasmodium falciparum infection as opposed to A+ and AB+ individuals, that were 7% and 20%, respectively,. Those living in malaria-endemic zones presented with higher parasite densities compared to those living in malaria-epidemic (p = 0.0061). Individuals bearing B + blood group are more likely to habour high parasitaemia compared to O + blood group bearers (OR = 4.47, CI = 1.53–13.05, p = 0.006). Conclusion Individuals of blood group B harbour high parasitaemia compared with the blood group O, Additionally, blood group A and B present with symptoms at lower parasitaemia than blood group O. Regardles of malaria transmission zones, individuals from endemic zones showed up with high parasitaemia and among them were more individuals of blood groups A and B than individuals of blood group O. Implying that these individuals were more at risk and require additional attention and effective case management. Garphical Abstract |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T23:27:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cbeecda63722492491d1164c22b7f3d8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2875 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T23:27:26Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Malaria Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-cbeecda63722492491d1164c22b7f3d82022-12-22T03:12:23ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752022-09-012111710.1186/s12936-022-04251-1Burden of malaria infection among individuals of varied blood groups in KenyaRedemptah Yeda0Charles Okudo1Eunice Owiti2Gladys Biwot3Cliff Momanyi4Winnie Korir5Thoya Mitsanze6Caroline Tegerei7Dennis Juma8Benjamin Opot9Edwin Mwakio10Gladys Chemwor11Raphael Okoth12Douglas O. Ochora13Agnes C. Cheruiyot14Amanda Roth15Hoseah M. Akala16Ben Andagalu17Malaria Drug Resistance Laboratory, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)Malaria Drug Resistance Laboratory, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)Malaria Drug Resistance Laboratory, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)Malaria Drug Resistance Laboratory, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)Malaria Drug Resistance Laboratory, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)Malaria Drug Resistance Laboratory, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)Malaria Drug Resistance Laboratory, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)Malaria Drug Resistance Laboratory, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)Malaria Drug Resistance Laboratory, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)Malaria Drug Resistance Laboratory, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)Malaria Drug Resistance Laboratory, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)Malaria Drug Resistance Laboratory, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)Malaria Drug Resistance Laboratory, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)Malaria Drug Resistance Laboratory, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)Malaria Drug Resistance Laboratory, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)Walter Reed Army Institute of ResearchMalaria Drug Resistance Laboratory, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)Malaria Drug Resistance Laboratory, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)Abstract Background The ABO blood groups consist of A, B, and H carbohydrate antigens, which regulate protein activities during malaria infection in humans. Understanding the interplay between the malaria parasite and blood group antigens is essential in understanding new interventions to reduce the global burden of malaria. This study assessed the burden of malaria infection among individuals with varying blood groups seeking treatment at selected hospitals in Kenya. Methods A total of 366 samples from an ongoing malaria surveillance study were diagnosed for malaria by microscopy and further typed for blood group using ABO blood grouping. Age and sex were recorded in a data sheet, and analysed using R software version 4. Groups’ proportions (blood group, malaria infection, age and sex) were compared using Pearson’s Chi-square and Fischer exact tests. Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed and P-value < 0.05 was considered significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. To understand the effect of each blood group on parasitaemia, multivariate logistic regression was used to model ABO blood group in relation to parasitaemia. Results Of the 366 samples analysed, 312 were malaria positive, mean age was 9.83 years (< 5 years n = 152 (48.41%), 6 to 17 years n = 101 (32.16%) and > 18 years n = 61 (19.43%)). Malaria prevalence was higher among females than males, 54.46% and 45.54%, respectively. Kisumu enrolled the highest number 109 (35%)) of malaria cases, Kombewa 108 (35%), Malindi 32 (10%), Kisii 28 (9%), Marigat 23 (7%), and Kericho 12 (4%). Blood group O+ was the most prevalent among the enrolled individuals (46.50%), A+ (27.71%), B+ (21.02%) and AB+ (4.78%) respectively. Compared to blood group O+, blood group B+ individuals were (14%) were more likely to habour Plasmodium falciparum infection as opposed to A+ and AB+ individuals, that were 7% and 20%, respectively,. Those living in malaria-endemic zones presented with higher parasite densities compared to those living in malaria-epidemic (p = 0.0061). Individuals bearing B + blood group are more likely to habour high parasitaemia compared to O + blood group bearers (OR = 4.47, CI = 1.53–13.05, p = 0.006). Conclusion Individuals of blood group B harbour high parasitaemia compared with the blood group O, Additionally, blood group A and B present with symptoms at lower parasitaemia than blood group O. Regardles of malaria transmission zones, individuals from endemic zones showed up with high parasitaemia and among them were more individuals of blood groups A and B than individuals of blood group O. Implying that these individuals were more at risk and require additional attention and effective case management. Garphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04251-1ABOPlasmodium falciparumMalariaBlood group |
| spellingShingle | Redemptah Yeda Charles Okudo Eunice Owiti Gladys Biwot Cliff Momanyi Winnie Korir Thoya Mitsanze Caroline Tegerei Dennis Juma Benjamin Opot Edwin Mwakio Gladys Chemwor Raphael Okoth Douglas O. Ochora Agnes C. Cheruiyot Amanda Roth Hoseah M. Akala Ben Andagalu Burden of malaria infection among individuals of varied blood groups in Kenya Malaria Journal ABO Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Blood group |
| title | Burden of malaria infection among individuals of varied blood groups in Kenya |
| title_full | Burden of malaria infection among individuals of varied blood groups in Kenya |
| title_fullStr | Burden of malaria infection among individuals of varied blood groups in Kenya |
| title_full_unstemmed | Burden of malaria infection among individuals of varied blood groups in Kenya |
| title_short | Burden of malaria infection among individuals of varied blood groups in Kenya |
| title_sort | burden of malaria infection among individuals of varied blood groups in kenya |
| topic | ABO Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Blood group |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04251-1 |
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