Modeling anisotropic Maxwell–Jüttner distributions: derivation and properties
In this paper we develop a model for the anisotropic Maxwell–Jüttner distribution and examine its properties. First, we provide the characteristic conditions that the modeling of consistent and well-defined anisotropic Maxwell–Jüttner distributions needs to fulfill. Then, we examine several mode...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2016-12-01
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| Series: | Annales Geophysicae |
| Online Access: | https://www.ann-geophys.net/34/1145/2016/angeo-34-1145-2016.pdf |
| Summary: | In this paper we develop a model for the anisotropic Maxwell–Jüttner
distribution and examine its properties. First, we provide the characteristic
conditions that the modeling of consistent and well-defined anisotropic
Maxwell–Jüttner distributions needs to fulfill. Then, we examine several
models, showing their possible advantages and/or failures in accordance to
these conditions. We derive a consistent model, and examine its properties
and its connection with thermodynamics. We show that the temperature equals
the average of the directional temperature-like components, as it holds for
the classical, anisotropic Maxwell distribution. We also derive the internal
energy and Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy, where we show that both are maximized
for zero anisotropy, that is, the isotropic Maxwell–Jüttner
distribution. |
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| ISSN: | 0992-7689 1432-0576 |