The Role of Salivary Biomarkers in the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease
Many neurodegenerative diseases present with progressive neuronal degeneration, which can lead to cognitive and motor impairment. Early screening and diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are necessary to begin treatment before the onse...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/2/371 |
| _version_ | 1797395734627090432 |
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| author | Patrycja Pawlik Katarzyna Błochowiak |
| author_facet | Patrycja Pawlik Katarzyna Błochowiak |
| author_sort | Patrycja Pawlik |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Many neurodegenerative diseases present with progressive neuronal degeneration, which can lead to cognitive and motor impairment. Early screening and diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are necessary to begin treatment before the onset of clinical symptoms and slow down the progression of the disease. Biomarkers have shown great potential as a diagnostic tool in the early diagnosis of many diseases, including AD and PD. However, screening for these biomarkers usually includes invasive, complex and expensive methods such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling through a lumbar puncture. Researchers are continuously seeking to find a simpler and more reliable diagnostic tool that would be less invasive than CSF sampling. Saliva has been studied as a potential biological fluid that could be used in the diagnosis and early screening of neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to provide an insight into the current literature concerning salivary biomarkers used in the diagnosis of AD and PD. The most commonly studied salivary biomarkers in AD are β-amyloid<sub>1-42/1-40</sub> and TAU protein, as well as α-synuclein and protein deglycase (DJ-1) in PD. Studies continue to be conducted on this subject and researchers are attempting to find correlations between specific biomarkers and early clinical symptoms, which could be key in creating new treatments for patients before the onset of symptoms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:39:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cbf49782d87b4a18bfffad4692d7d2b9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:39:54Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-cbf49782d87b4a18bfffad4692d7d2b92023-12-11T17:56:49ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182021-02-0111237110.3390/diagnostics11020371The Role of Salivary Biomarkers in the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s DiseasePatrycja Pawlik0Katarzyna Błochowiak1Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70 Street, 60812 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Oral Surgery and Periodontology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70 Street, 60812 Poznan, PolandMany neurodegenerative diseases present with progressive neuronal degeneration, which can lead to cognitive and motor impairment. Early screening and diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are necessary to begin treatment before the onset of clinical symptoms and slow down the progression of the disease. Biomarkers have shown great potential as a diagnostic tool in the early diagnosis of many diseases, including AD and PD. However, screening for these biomarkers usually includes invasive, complex and expensive methods such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling through a lumbar puncture. Researchers are continuously seeking to find a simpler and more reliable diagnostic tool that would be less invasive than CSF sampling. Saliva has been studied as a potential biological fluid that could be used in the diagnosis and early screening of neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to provide an insight into the current literature concerning salivary biomarkers used in the diagnosis of AD and PD. The most commonly studied salivary biomarkers in AD are β-amyloid<sub>1-42/1-40</sub> and TAU protein, as well as α-synuclein and protein deglycase (DJ-1) in PD. Studies continue to be conducted on this subject and researchers are attempting to find correlations between specific biomarkers and early clinical symptoms, which could be key in creating new treatments for patients before the onset of symptoms.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/2/371salivary biomarkersneurodegenerative diseasesAlzheimer’s diseaseParkinson’s diseaseα-synucleinβ-amyloid |
| spellingShingle | Patrycja Pawlik Katarzyna Błochowiak The Role of Salivary Biomarkers in the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease Diagnostics salivary biomarkers neurodegenerative diseases Alzheimer’s disease Parkinson’s disease α-synuclein β-amyloid |
| title | The Role of Salivary Biomarkers in the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_full | The Role of Salivary Biomarkers in the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Salivary Biomarkers in the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Salivary Biomarkers in the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_short | The Role of Salivary Biomarkers in the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_sort | role of salivary biomarkers in the early diagnosis of alzheimer s disease and parkinson s disease |
| topic | salivary biomarkers neurodegenerative diseases Alzheimer’s disease Parkinson’s disease α-synuclein β-amyloid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/2/371 |
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