Potato Cyst Nematodes: A New Threat to Potato Production in East Africa
Potato cyst nematodes (PCN), such as Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida, are quarantine restricted pests of potato causing major yield and financial losses to farmers. G. rostochiensis was first reported from Kenya’s key potato growing area in 2015. We sought to determine the diversity, p...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2020.00670/full |
| _version_ | 1818897098572038144 |
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| author | Harrison Mburu Harrison Mburu Harrison Mburu Laura Cortada Laura Cortada Solveig Haukeland Solveig Haukeland Wilson Ronno Moses Nyongesa Zachary Kinyua Joel L. Bargul Joel L. Bargul Danny Coyne Danny Coyne |
| author_facet | Harrison Mburu Harrison Mburu Harrison Mburu Laura Cortada Laura Cortada Solveig Haukeland Solveig Haukeland Wilson Ronno Moses Nyongesa Zachary Kinyua Joel L. Bargul Joel L. Bargul Danny Coyne Danny Coyne |
| author_sort | Harrison Mburu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Potato cyst nematodes (PCN), such as Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida, are quarantine restricted pests of potato causing major yield and financial losses to farmers. G. rostochiensis was first reported from Kenya’s key potato growing area in 2015. We sought to determine the diversity, prevalence and distribution of PCN species across the country by conducting a country-wide survey between 2016 and 2018, which included a more focused, follow-up assessment in three key potato growing counties. A total of 1,348 soil samples were collected from 20 potato growing counties. Information regarding local potato farming practices, potato cultivar use, their diversity and availability was also recorded. PCN cysts were obtained from 968 samples (71.8%) in all the counties surveyed, with Nyandarua County recording the highest PCN field-incidence at 47.6%. The majority of PCN populations, 99.9%, were identified as G. rostochiensis, while G. pallida was recovered from just one field, in a mixed population with G. rostochiensis. Inconsistencies in PCR amplification efficiency was observed for G. rostochiensis using the recommended EPPO primers, compared with ITS primers AB28/TW81, indicating that this protocol cannot be entirely relied upon to effectively detect PCN. Egg density in Nyandarua County varied between 30.6 and 158.5 viable eggs/g soil, with an average egg viability of 78.9 ± 2.8% (min = 11.6%, max = 99.9%). The PCN-susceptible potato cultivar named Shangi was the most preferred and used by 65% of farmers due to its shorter dormancy and cooking time, while imported cultivars (Destiny, Jelly, Manitou, and Markies) with resistance to G. rostochiensis were used by 7.5% of farmers due to unavailability and/or limited access to seeds. Thus, most farmers preferred using their own farm-saved seeds as opposed to purchasing certified seeds. Establishing the distribution and prevalence of PCN and elucidating the local farming practices that could promote the spread of PCN is a necessary precursor to the implementation of any containment or management strategy in the country and ultimately across the region. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T19:10:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cbf894a485ed469c8d07b5c2ad075064 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T19:10:47Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-cbf894a485ed469c8d07b5c2ad0750642022-12-21T20:09:18ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2020-05-011110.3389/fpls.2020.00670530710Potato Cyst Nematodes: A New Threat to Potato Production in East AfricaHarrison Mburu0Harrison Mburu1Harrison Mburu2Laura Cortada3Laura Cortada4Solveig Haukeland5Solveig Haukeland6Wilson Ronno7Moses Nyongesa8Zachary Kinyua9Joel L. Bargul10Joel L. Bargul11Danny Coyne12Danny Coyne13International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, KenyaEast Africa Hub, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, KenyaEast Africa Hub, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nairobi, KenyaNematology Section, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, BelgiumInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, KenyaBiotechnology and Plant Health Division, Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy Research, Ås, NorwayFood and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Nairobi, KenyaKenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Nairobi, KenyaKenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Nairobi, KenyaInternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, KenyaEast Africa Hub, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nairobi, KenyaNematology Section, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, BelgiumPotato cyst nematodes (PCN), such as Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida, are quarantine restricted pests of potato causing major yield and financial losses to farmers. G. rostochiensis was first reported from Kenya’s key potato growing area in 2015. We sought to determine the diversity, prevalence and distribution of PCN species across the country by conducting a country-wide survey between 2016 and 2018, which included a more focused, follow-up assessment in three key potato growing counties. A total of 1,348 soil samples were collected from 20 potato growing counties. Information regarding local potato farming practices, potato cultivar use, their diversity and availability was also recorded. PCN cysts were obtained from 968 samples (71.8%) in all the counties surveyed, with Nyandarua County recording the highest PCN field-incidence at 47.6%. The majority of PCN populations, 99.9%, were identified as G. rostochiensis, while G. pallida was recovered from just one field, in a mixed population with G. rostochiensis. Inconsistencies in PCR amplification efficiency was observed for G. rostochiensis using the recommended EPPO primers, compared with ITS primers AB28/TW81, indicating that this protocol cannot be entirely relied upon to effectively detect PCN. Egg density in Nyandarua County varied between 30.6 and 158.5 viable eggs/g soil, with an average egg viability of 78.9 ± 2.8% (min = 11.6%, max = 99.9%). The PCN-susceptible potato cultivar named Shangi was the most preferred and used by 65% of farmers due to its shorter dormancy and cooking time, while imported cultivars (Destiny, Jelly, Manitou, and Markies) with resistance to G. rostochiensis were used by 7.5% of farmers due to unavailability and/or limited access to seeds. Thus, most farmers preferred using their own farm-saved seeds as opposed to purchasing certified seeds. Establishing the distribution and prevalence of PCN and elucidating the local farming practices that could promote the spread of PCN is a necessary precursor to the implementation of any containment or management strategy in the country and ultimately across the region.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2020.00670/fullEPPOGlobodera rostochiensisGlobodera pallidaKenyasmallholder farmerspotato seed systems |
| spellingShingle | Harrison Mburu Harrison Mburu Harrison Mburu Laura Cortada Laura Cortada Solveig Haukeland Solveig Haukeland Wilson Ronno Moses Nyongesa Zachary Kinyua Joel L. Bargul Joel L. Bargul Danny Coyne Danny Coyne Potato Cyst Nematodes: A New Threat to Potato Production in East Africa Frontiers in Plant Science EPPO Globodera rostochiensis Globodera pallida Kenya smallholder farmers potato seed systems |
| title | Potato Cyst Nematodes: A New Threat to Potato Production in East Africa |
| title_full | Potato Cyst Nematodes: A New Threat to Potato Production in East Africa |
| title_fullStr | Potato Cyst Nematodes: A New Threat to Potato Production in East Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Potato Cyst Nematodes: A New Threat to Potato Production in East Africa |
| title_short | Potato Cyst Nematodes: A New Threat to Potato Production in East Africa |
| title_sort | potato cyst nematodes a new threat to potato production in east africa |
| topic | EPPO Globodera rostochiensis Globodera pallida Kenya smallholder farmers potato seed systems |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2020.00670/full |
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