Exploiting Radiation Induction of Antigens in Cancer: Targeted Drug Delivery
Therapeutic antibodies used to treat cancer are effective in patients with advanced-stage disease. For example, antibodies that activate T-lymphocytes improve survival in many cancer subtypes. In addition, antibody–drug conjugates effectively target cytotoxic agents that are specific to cancer. This...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/6/3041 |
| _version_ | 1797471029759574016 |
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| author | Vaishali Kapoor Abhay K. Singh Calvin D. Lewis Sapna Deore Dennis E. Hallahan |
| author_facet | Vaishali Kapoor Abhay K. Singh Calvin D. Lewis Sapna Deore Dennis E. Hallahan |
| author_sort | Vaishali Kapoor |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Therapeutic antibodies used to treat cancer are effective in patients with advanced-stage disease. For example, antibodies that activate T-lymphocytes improve survival in many cancer subtypes. In addition, antibody–drug conjugates effectively target cytotoxic agents that are specific to cancer. This review discusses radiation-inducible antigens, which are stress-regulated proteins that are over-expressed in cancer. These inducible cell surface proteins become accessible to antibody binding during the cellular response to genotoxic stress. The lead antigens are induced in all histologic subtypes and nearly all advanced-stage cancers, but show little to no expression in normal tissues. Inducible antigens are exploited by using therapeutic antibodies that bind specifically to these stress-regulated proteins. Antibodies that bind to the inducible antigens GRP78 and TIP1 enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy in preclinical cancer models. The conjugation of cytotoxic drugs to the antibodies further improves cancer response. This review focuses on the use of radiotherapy to control the cancer-specific binding of therapeutic antibodies and antibody–drug conjugates. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:43:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cbfb9000dee54fd8b22bbdacff243462 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:43:46Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-cbfb9000dee54fd8b22bbdacff2434622023-11-24T01:31:03ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-03-01236304110.3390/ijms23063041Exploiting Radiation Induction of Antigens in Cancer: Targeted Drug DeliveryVaishali Kapoor0Abhay K. Singh1Calvin D. Lewis2Sapna Deore3Dennis E. Hallahan4Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USADepartment of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USADepartment of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USAMedical Guidance Systems LLC, St. Louis, MO 63110, USADepartment of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USATherapeutic antibodies used to treat cancer are effective in patients with advanced-stage disease. For example, antibodies that activate T-lymphocytes improve survival in many cancer subtypes. In addition, antibody–drug conjugates effectively target cytotoxic agents that are specific to cancer. This review discusses radiation-inducible antigens, which are stress-regulated proteins that are over-expressed in cancer. These inducible cell surface proteins become accessible to antibody binding during the cellular response to genotoxic stress. The lead antigens are induced in all histologic subtypes and nearly all advanced-stage cancers, but show little to no expression in normal tissues. Inducible antigens are exploited by using therapeutic antibodies that bind specifically to these stress-regulated proteins. Antibodies that bind to the inducible antigens GRP78 and TIP1 enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy in preclinical cancer models. The conjugation of cytotoxic drugs to the antibodies further improves cancer response. This review focuses on the use of radiotherapy to control the cancer-specific binding of therapeutic antibodies and antibody–drug conjugates.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/6/3041antibody–drug conjugateradiation therapytherapeutic targetradiation-inducible |
| spellingShingle | Vaishali Kapoor Abhay K. Singh Calvin D. Lewis Sapna Deore Dennis E. Hallahan Exploiting Radiation Induction of Antigens in Cancer: Targeted Drug Delivery International Journal of Molecular Sciences antibody–drug conjugate radiation therapy therapeutic target radiation-inducible |
| title | Exploiting Radiation Induction of Antigens in Cancer: Targeted Drug Delivery |
| title_full | Exploiting Radiation Induction of Antigens in Cancer: Targeted Drug Delivery |
| title_fullStr | Exploiting Radiation Induction of Antigens in Cancer: Targeted Drug Delivery |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploiting Radiation Induction of Antigens in Cancer: Targeted Drug Delivery |
| title_short | Exploiting Radiation Induction of Antigens in Cancer: Targeted Drug Delivery |
| title_sort | exploiting radiation induction of antigens in cancer targeted drug delivery |
| topic | antibody–drug conjugate radiation therapy therapeutic target radiation-inducible |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/6/3041 |
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